On the Mutual Adjustment of Pressure and Velocity Distributions in Certain Simple Current Systems, II

Rossby, C.‐G.

doi:10.1357/002224038806440520

Cited by 411 publications

(271 citation statements)

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“…This experiment resembles those of Hsieh and Gill (1984) addressing the Rossby adjustment problem (Rossby, 1937(Rossby, , 1938. Considering a meridional channel with a zonal density front Hsieh and Gill pointed to the existence of a northward western boundary current south of the density front and a northward eastern boundary current north of it, both being accompanied by deep counter-currents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

The circulation of Icelandic waters – a modelling study

et al. 2013

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Abstract. The three-dimensional flow, temperature and salinity fields of the North Atlantic, including the Arctic Ocean, covering the time period 1992 to 2006 are simulated with the numerical ocean model CODE. The simulation reveals several new insights and previously unknown structures which help us to clarify open questions on the regional oceanography of Icelandic waters. These relate to the structure and geographical distribution of the coastal current, the primary forcing of the North Icelandic Irminger Current (NIIC) and the path of the Atlantic Water south-east of Iceland. The model's adaptively refined computational mesh has a maximum resolution of 1 km horizontal and 2.5 m vertical in Icelandic waters. CTD profiles from this region and the river discharge of 46 Icelandic watersheds, computed by the hydrological model WaSiM, are assimilated into the simulation. The model realistically reproduces the established elements of the circulation around Iceland. However, analysis of the simulated mean flow field also provides further insights. It suggests a distinct freshwater-induced coastal current that only exists along the south-west and west coasts, which is accompanied by a counter-directed undercurrent. The simulated transport of Atlantic Water over the Icelandic shelf takes place in a symmetrical system of two currents, with the established NIIC over the north-western and northern shelf, and a hitherto unnamed current over the southern and southeastern shelf, which is simulated to be an upstream precursor of the Faroe Current (FC). Both currents are driven by barotropic pressure gradients induced by a sea level slope across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge. The recently discovered North Icelandic Jet (NIJ) also features in the model predictions and is found to be forced by the baroclinic pressure field of the Arctic Front, to originate east of the Kolbeinsey Ridge and to have a volume transport of around 1.5 Sv within northern Denmark Strait. The simulated multi-annual mean Atlantic Water transport of the NIIC increased by 85 % during 1992 to 2006, whereas the corresponding NIJ transport decreased by 27 %. Based on our model results we propose a new and further differentiated circulation scheme of Icelandic waters whose details may inspire future observational oceanography studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

The circulation of Icelandic waters – a modelling study

et al. 2013

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“…At the mesoscale where the characteristic scale is less than the Rossby radius of deformation, it is known that the wind field determines the mass field through geostrophic adjustment (Rossby, 1937(Rossby, , 1938Yeh, 1957;Yeh and Li, 1982;Zeng, 1963a,b,c). At the even smaller, convective storm scale, the importance of wind field is even more evident.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total deformation and its role in heavy precipitation events associated with deformation-dominant flow patterns

2008

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In this paper, it is elucidated that the total deformation (TD), defined as the square root of the sum of squared stretching deformation and squared shearing deformation, is an invariant independent of the coordinate system used. An idealized flow field is then constructed to demonstrate the confluence effect of a non-divergent and irrotational deformation field on moisture transport. To explore the characteristics and role of TD, two heavy rainfall cases associated with a front with shear-line, are analyzed using the WRF model output data. One of the cases occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MRYR) over China and the other occurred in north China. It is found that right before the occurrence of precipitation, the effect of the confluence induced by deformation on moisture transport provides a favorable condition for precipitation.During the precipitation, both location and orientation of the zone of large TD coincide with the confluent shear line. The rainbands are nearly parallel with, and located lightly to the south of the zones of large TD and the confluent shear line. The TD in the lower troposphere increases in value as precipitation persists. When TD approaches its maximal value, the next 6-hour precipitation reaches its peak correspondingly.A tendency equation for TD is derived. The analysis of linear correlation and RMS difference between individual terms in the total deformation equation and the sum of the terms shows that the pressure gradient plays a major role in determining the local change of total deformation.

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“…Important tropospheric sources are believed to include topography [Queney, 1947; [Rossby, 1937;Blumen, 1972;Frills and Luo, 1992]. In the later case, many studies examined geostrophic adjustment in an idealized way, as a linear relaxation from an initial imbalance of momentum or mass toward a balanced state, fully described by the potential vorticity distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the low‐frequency inertio‐gravity waves observed during the Pyrénées Experiment

Scavuzzo¹,

Lamfri²,

Teitelbaum³

et al. 1998

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and interpret the onset of some well-characterized transient inertio-gravity waves, observed during the PYREX (Pyr6n6es Experiment) campaign. The data used are the high-resolution soundings, launched every 6 hours on both sides of the ridge. In agreement with other observations made during the field campaign, certain among those soundings often show steady mountain waves. It appears that those waves are often transients and are followed by well-characterized inertio-gravity waves, propagating upward and downward from the level where the initial mountain waves are large. To interpret those observations, it is suggested that the observed inertio gravity waves result from the geostrophic adjustment of the large-scale flow that follows the transit and eventually the breaking of the main mountain wave. This hypothesis is supported by an analytical calculation of inertio-gravity waves emission from a momentum deposit that lasts a finite time. The spatial extent of this forcing are also finite, and its maximum amplitude is a fraction of the measured mountain drag.

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On the Mutual Adjustment of Pressure and Velocity Distributions in Certain Simple Current Systems, II

Cited by 411 publications

References 0 publications

The circulation of Icelandic waters – a modelling study

The circulation of Icelandic waters – a modelling study

Total deformation and its role in heavy precipitation events associated with deformation-dominant flow patterns

A study of the low‐frequency inertio‐gravity waves observed during the Pyrénées Experiment

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