“…Given that the mountain wave above the Peninsula is known to be convectively breaking (which simulations D and E do not describe, but which simulation Z confirmed), it is very plausible that secondary generation due to this breaking is the element missing in our simulations and contributing to the considerable extent of the wake downstream of the Peninsula. Several mechanisms for secondary generation are likely to be active: direct forcing by the breaking of large-amplitude orographic waves (Scavuzzo et al, 1998;Vadas et al, 2003), nonlinear interactions between the low-frequency waves thus excited, subsequent radiation from the potential vorticity anomalies that are generated by the breaking wave and then advected downstream (Lott et al, 2010), and generation from the jet stream which has been distorted when passing over the orography. The latter mechanisms are indirect and hence weaker, but they have the potential of radiating waves far downstream, following the advection of the region of fluid perturbed by the wave breaking.…”