Ocupação no setor público brasileiro: tendências recentes e questões em aberto

Abstract

Com base neste trabalho, poder-se-ia hoje afirmar com maior segurança que: i) o movimento de recomposição de pessoal no setor público brasileiro, observado durante toda a primeira década de 2000, mostrou-se apenas suficiente para repor praticamente o mesmo estoque de servidores ativos existentes em meados da década de 1990; ii) tampouco se deduz dos dados analisados que os gastos com pessoal tenham saído do controle do governo federal, pois, em termos percentuais, essa rubrica permaneceu praticamente constante ao longo da primeira década de 2000, em um contexto de retomada relativa do crescimento econômico e também da arrecadação tributária; e iii) do ponto de vista qualitativo, evidências da pesquisa indicam que esse movimento atual deve trazer melhorias gradativas ao desempenho institucional, pois vem sendo promovido a partir de critérios meritocráticos de seleção (concursos públicos), e diante disso as atividades-fim, que exigem nível superior de escolarização, são mais contempladas do que as atividades-meio, indicando a possibilidade de maiores impactos sobre a produtividade agregada do setor público; e tem assumido a forma de vinculação estatutária, em detrimento do padrão celetista ou de várias formas de contratação precárias, o que coloca o novo contingente sob direitos e deveres comuns e estáveis, podendo com isso gerar maior coesão e homogeneidade no interior da categoria como um todo, aspecto considerado essencial para um desempenho satisfatório do Estado a longo prazo.Palavras-chave: ocupação no setor público, gastos com pessoal, desempenho institucional, desenvolvimento brasileiro.

Work Ability: Using structural equation modeling to assess the effects of aging, health and work on the population of Brazilian municipal employees

“…The sample in the present study reflects the trend towards greater employment in the Brazilian public sector in the past fifteen years. There has been an increase in the percentage of workers with higher education (incomplete and complete) and post-graduate education and an increase in the number of females working in the municipalities, which is attributable to the higher number of women in the health, social assistance and education fields (which are mainly assumed by states and municipalities) [30]. Nonetheless, the profile of the participants, which reflected a predominance of women and individuals between 30 and 50 years old, was similar to other studies that have investigated work ability in municipal employees [7,8,12,21].…”

Work Ability: Using structural equation modeling to assess the effects of aging, health and work on the population of Brazilian municipal employees

“…The sample in the present study reflects the trend towards greater employment in the Brazilian public sector in the past fifteen years. There has been an increase in the percentage of workers with higher education (incomplete and complete) and post-graduate education and an increase in the number of females working in the municipalities, which is attributable to the higher number of women in the health, social assistance and education fields (which are mainly assumed by states and municipalities) [30]. Nonetheless, the profile of the participants, which reflected a predominance of women and individuals between 30 and 50 years old, was similar to other studies that have investigated work ability in municipal employees [7,8,12,21].…”

Hiring of workers in the municipal public sector: A projection of the demographic need by brazilian municipality, 2020 to 2030

“…According to Cardoso & Nogueira (2011), expanding employment in the municipal public sector indicates the increasing supply of public services at the municipal level. The expansion of municipal public functions results from municipalizing and decentralizing public services such as Health, Education and assistance (Carvalho, 2011;Cardoso & Nogueira, 2011). It so happens that, with the decentralization of the 1988 Constitution, municipalities began to receive a large part of the provision of public services to the population.…”

“…Furthermore, the increase in the number of public sector workers in the 1990s can be explained by the generalization of basic social services after the enactment of the 1988 Constitution and the creation of new municipalities after 1988 (Carvalho, 2011). These periods of a large volume of jobs (1990s and 2000s) may be due to the large number of retirees, which requires the replacement of statutory servants (Cardoso & Nogueira, 2011).…”

“…The economic situation of the federal entities also impacts hiring workers in the public sector. During periods of economic expansion, governments tend to spend more on investment and staffing; in times of crisis, it is common for efforts to be made to contain these expenses (Cardoso & Nogueira, 2011). Therefore, moments of economic crisis/expansion also affect the employment of human resources and their age pyramid in the future.…”

Intenção de Rotatividade e Percepção de Suporte Organizacional em um Órgão Público Federal

“…A admissão de novos servidores no período foi mínima, até mesmo para as carreiras essenciais de Estado, que constituíam foco do plano da reforma administrativa. Essa situação se modificou com o crescimento econômico iniciado no ano de 2004, o qual favoreceu a decisão de reabertura dos concursos públicos dirigidos para pessoal permanente e temporário em áreas prioritárias (Júnior;Nogueira, 2011). É possível notar que "a instituição do concurso público para provimento de cargos no aparelho do Estado Brasileiro tem se constituído num forte atrator de recursos humanos" (Castelar et al, 2010, p. 82).…”

Work Ability: Using structural equation modeling to assess the effects of aging, health and work on the population of Brazilian municipal employees

“…The sample in the present study reflects the trend towards greater employment in the Brazilian public sector in the past fifteen years. There has been an increase in the percentage of workers with higher education (incomplete and complete) and post-graduate education and an increase in the number of females working in the municipalities, which is attributable to the higher number of women in the health, social assistance and education fields (which are mainly assumed by states and municipalities) [30]. Nonetheless, the profile of the participants, which reflected a predominance of women and individuals between 30 and 50 years old, was similar to other studies that have investigated work ability in municipal employees [7,8,12,21].…”

Hiring of workers in the municipal public sector: A projection of the demographic need by brazilian municipality, 2020 to 2030

“…According to Cardoso & Nogueira (2011), expanding employment in the municipal public sector indicates the increasing supply of public services at the municipal level. The expansion of municipal public functions results from municipalizing and decentralizing public services such as Health, Education and assistance (Carvalho, 2011;Cardoso & Nogueira, 2011). It so happens that, with the decentralization of the 1988 Constitution, municipalities began to receive a large part of the provision of public services to the population.…”

“…Furthermore, the increase in the number of public sector workers in the 1990s can be explained by the generalization of basic social services after the enactment of the 1988 Constitution and the creation of new municipalities after 1988 (Carvalho, 2011). These periods of a large volume of jobs (1990s and 2000s) may be due to the large number of retirees, which requires the replacement of statutory servants (Cardoso & Nogueira, 2011).…”

“…The economic situation of the federal entities also impacts hiring workers in the public sector. During periods of economic expansion, governments tend to spend more on investment and staffing; in times of crisis, it is common for efforts to be made to contain these expenses (Cardoso & Nogueira, 2011). Therefore, moments of economic crisis/expansion also affect the employment of human resources and their age pyramid in the future.…”

Intenção de Rotatividade e Percepção de Suporte Organizacional em um Órgão Público Federal

“…A admissão de novos servidores no período foi mínima, até mesmo para as carreiras essenciais de Estado, que constituíam foco do plano da reforma administrativa. Essa situação se modificou com o crescimento econômico iniciado no ano de 2004, o qual favoreceu a decisão de reabertura dos concursos públicos dirigidos para pessoal permanente e temporário em áreas prioritárias (Júnior;Nogueira, 2011). É possível notar que "a instituição do concurso público para provimento de cargos no aparelho do Estado Brasileiro tem se constituído num forte atrator de recursos humanos" (Castelar et al, 2010, p. 82).…”

Work Ability: Using structural equation modeling to assess the effects of aging, health and work on the population of Brazilian municipal employees

“…The sample in the present study reflects the trend towards greater employment in the Brazilian public sector in the past fifteen years. There has been an increase in the percentage of workers with higher education (incomplete and complete) and post-graduate education and an increase in the number of females working in the municipalities, which is attributable to the higher number of women in the health, social assistance and education fields (which are mainly assumed by states and municipalities) [30]. Nonetheless, the profile of the participants, which reflected a predominance of women and individuals between 30 and 50 years old, was similar to other studies that have investigated work ability in municipal employees [7,8,12,21].…”

Hiring of workers in the municipal public sector: A projection of the demographic need by brazilian municipality, 2020 to 2030

“…According to Cardoso & Nogueira (2011), expanding employment in the municipal public sector indicates the increasing supply of public services at the municipal level. The expansion of municipal public functions results from municipalizing and decentralizing public services such as Health, Education and assistance (Carvalho, 2011;Cardoso & Nogueira, 2011). It so happens that, with the decentralization of the 1988 Constitution, municipalities began to receive a large part of the provision of public services to the population.…”

“…Furthermore, the increase in the number of public sector workers in the 1990s can be explained by the generalization of basic social services after the enactment of the 1988 Constitution and the creation of new municipalities after 1988 (Carvalho, 2011). These periods of a large volume of jobs (1990s and 2000s) may be due to the large number of retirees, which requires the replacement of statutory servants (Cardoso & Nogueira, 2011).…”

“…The economic situation of the federal entities also impacts hiring workers in the public sector. During periods of economic expansion, governments tend to spend more on investment and staffing; in times of crisis, it is common for efforts to be made to contain these expenses (Cardoso & Nogueira, 2011). Therefore, moments of economic crisis/expansion also affect the employment of human resources and their age pyramid in the future.…”

Intenção de Rotatividade e Percepção de Suporte Organizacional em um Órgão Público Federal

“…A admissão de novos servidores no período foi mínima, até mesmo para as carreiras essenciais de Estado, que constituíam foco do plano da reforma administrativa. Essa situação se modificou com o crescimento econômico iniciado no ano de 2004, o qual favoreceu a decisão de reabertura dos concursos públicos dirigidos para pessoal permanente e temporário em áreas prioritárias (Júnior;Nogueira, 2011). É possível notar que "a instituição do concurso público para provimento de cargos no aparelho do Estado Brasileiro tem se constituído num forte atrator de recursos humanos" (Castelar et al, 2010, p. 82).…”