Occurrence of Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxin M1 in human breast milk in Sari, Iran

Afshar, Parvaneh; Shokrzadeh, Mohammad; Kalhori, Shamsi; Babaee, Z.; Saravi, Seyed Soheil Saeedi

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.12.009

Cited by 60 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Some studies were focused on minor analyzed biological fluids such as breast milk and bile. OTA and AFM1 were analyzed in human breast milk by LLE in different stages using CHCl 3 , ACN, and petroleum ether [ 106 , 107 ]. AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, AFM1, and OTA were extracted by LLE (acidified ACN-EtOAc) with low temperature purification (LTP) after the evaluation of other procedures such as LLE (CHCl 3 -NaCl, ACN) and SPE [ 108 , 109 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Presence of Mycotoxins in Biological Samples: An Overview

Escrivá¹,

Font²,

Manyes³

et al. 2017

Toxins

106

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Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites with bioaccumulation levels leading to their carry-over into animal fluids, organs, and tissues. As a consequence, mycotoxin determination in biological samples from humans and animals has been reported worldwide. Since most mycotoxins show toxic effects at low concentrations and considering the extremely low levels present in biological samples, the application of reliable detection methods is required. This review summarizes the information regarding the studies involving mycotoxin determination in biological samples over the last 10 years. Relevant data on extraction methodology, detection techniques, sample size, limits of detection, and quantitation are presented herein. Briefly, liquid-liquid extraction followed by LC-MS/MS determination was the most common technique. The most analyzed mycotoxin was ochratoxin A, followed by zearalenone and deoxynivalenol—including their metabolites, enniatins, fumonisins, aflatoxins, T-2 and HT-2 toxins. Moreover, the studies were classified by their purpose, mainly focused on the development of analytical methodologies, mycotoxin biomonitoring, and exposure assessment. The study of tissue distribution, bioaccumulation, carry-over, persistence and transference of mycotoxins, as well as, toxicokinetics and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) were other proposed goals for biological sample analysis. Finally, an overview of risk assessment was discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Presence of Mycotoxins in Biological Samples: An Overview

Escrivá¹,

Font²,

Manyes³

et al. 2017

Toxins

106

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“…From 85 to 100 % of children in African countries have either detectable levels of serum AF-alb or urinary aflatoxins (Gong et al 2002;Gong et al 2003;Gong et al 2004;Polychronaki et al 2008;Turner et al 2000;Turner et al 2003;Turner et al 2007;Wild et al 1990;Wild et al 1993). Several studies have also found AFB 1 and AFM 1 in excreted breast milk samples (Afshar et al 2013;El-Tras et al 2011;Gürbay et al 2010;Jonsyn et al 1995b;Polychronaki et al 2006;Polychronaki et al 2007;Sadeghi et al 2009;Tchana et al 2010).…”

Section: Cgiar Agricultural Research On Food Safety and Aflatoxinsmentioning

confidence: 96%

International agricultural research to reduce food risks: case studies on aflatoxins

et al. 2015

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Despite massive expansion of human and livestock populations, fuelled by agricultural innovations, nearly one billion people are hungry and 2 billion are sickened each year from the food they eat. Agricultural and food systems are intimately connected to health outcomes, but health policy and programs often stop at the clinic door. A consensus is growing that the disconnection between agriculture, health and nutrition is at least partly responsible for the disease burden associated with food and farming. Mycotoxins produced by fungi are one of the most serious food safety problems affecting staple crops (especially maize and groundnuts).Aflatoxins, the best studied of these mycotoxins, cause around 90,000 cases of liver cancer each year and are strongly associated with stunting and immune suppression in children. Mycotoxins also cause major economic disruptions through their impacts on trade and livestock production. In this paper we use the case of fungal toxins to explore how agricultural research can produce innovations, understand incentives and enable institutions to improve, simultaneously, food safety, food accessibility for poor consumers and access to markets for smallholder farmers, thus making the case for research investors to support research into agricultural approaches for enhancing food safety in value chains. We first discuss the evolution of food safety research within the CGIAR. Then we show how taking an epidemiological and economic perspective on aflatoxin research connects health and nutrition outcomes. Finally, we present three case studies illustrating the traditional strengths of CGIAR research: breeding better varieties and developing new technologies.

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“…Several studies also investigated human exposure to OTA and DON (Afshar et al 2013;Ali et al 2016;Assaf et al 2004;Dehghan et al 2014;Turner et al 2011b). A study conducted in Lebanon (Assaf et al 2004) evaluated OTA in the most popular foodstuffs by analyzing plasma samples from 250 volunteers from different regions of the country such as north, south, capital city and village.…”

Section: Mycotoxin Biomonitoring Studies In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%