O USO DA MICROBIOLOGIA COMO FERRAMENTA PARA A CONSERVAÇÃO DE AVES AMEAÇADAS: DADOS PRELIMINARES PARA O PAPAGAIO-DE-CARA-ROXA, Amazona brasiliensis (Aves: Psittacidae) NO PARANÁ

Abstract

SERAFINI, P. P.; MEURER, R.; BIESDORF, S. M.; SIPINSKI, E. A. B. O uso da microbiologia como ferramenta para a conservação de aves ameaçadas: dados preliminares para o papagaio-de-cara-roxa, Amazona brasiliensis (Aves: Psittacidae) no Paraná. Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR, Umuarama, v. 18, n. 1, p. 65-69, jan./mar. 2015.RESUMO: Amazona brasiliensis, também conhecido popularmente como papagaio-de-cara-roxa, é uma espécie de Psittacidae endêmica da Mata Atlântica distribuída entre o litoral sul de São Paulo e o litoral Norte de Santa Catarina. Este estudo foi concentrado no estado do Paraná, visando uma prévia caracterização do perfil sanitário natural em filhotes da população por meio de análises microbiológicas. O estudo epidemiológico de uma espécie ameaçada inicia-se com a determinação dos agentes infecciosos comuns na população, que provavelmente co-evoluíram com a espécie e representam baixo risco aos espécimes de vida livre. Do total de colônias isoladas quase 75% foram positivas para a família Enterobacteriaceae. Normalmente, a microbiota entérica de psitacídeos é composta por micro-organismos Gram-positivos, porém a alta porcentagem de Gram-negativas isoladas pode ser explicada pela diferença entre a composição microbiana de adultos e filhotes. Seria interessante um estudo mais detalhado para uma eventual comparação entre possíveis sinais clínicos e micro-organismos presentes em cada indivíduo amostrado. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Microbiologia. Conservação. Amazona brasiliensis. Litoral do Paraná. USE OF MICROBIOLOGY AS A TOOL FOR THE PRESERVATION OF THREATENED BIRD SPECIES: PRELIMINARY DATA FOR THE RED-TAILED AMAZON, Amazona brasiliensis (Birds: Psittacidae) IN PARANÁABSTRACT: Amazona brasiliensis, also popularly known as Red-tailed Amazon, is an endemic species to the Atlantic Forest. This Psittacidae range goes from the south coast of São Paulo state to the northern coast of Santa Catarina state. This study focuses on the population in the state of Paraná, aiming to perform a preliminary characterization of the prevalence of natural pathogens in nestlings through microbiological analyses. The epidemiological study of an endangered species begins with the determination of common infectious agents within the population, which probably co-evolved with the species and represent a low risk to free-living specimens. Almost 75% of the colonies isolated were positive for Enterobacteriaceae. Usually, the enteric microbiota of psittacidae consists of Gram-positive microorganisms, but the high percentage of isolated Gram-negative bacteria can be explained by differences between the microbial composition of adults and nestlings. It would be interesting to further develop this study into a more detailed comparison between possible clinical signs and microorganisms present in each individual sampled. Psittacidae) EN PARANÁ RESUMEN: Amazona brasiliensis, popularmente conocido como el loro de cara púrpura, es una especie endémica de Psittacidae de la Mata Atlántica distribuido entre la costa sur de São Paulo y la costa norte de...

Survey of pathogens in threatened wild red-tailed Amazon parrot ( Amazona brasiliensis ) nestlings in Rasa Island, Brazil

“…In Brazil, the detection of gram-negative bacteria has been reported in asymptomatic wild A. brasiliensis nestlings in Paraná and São Paulo coast. 11 , 21 In São Paulo coast, swab samples of 14 A. brasiliensis showed predominance of E. coli and Proteus mirabilis in both cloacal and oropharyngeal samples. 21 Microbiological analyses of cloacal swab samples with high positivity (74.46%) for Enterobacteriaceae were observed in a previous study with 19 A. brasiliensis from four islands of the Environmental Protection Area of Guaraqueçaba, including Rasa Island.…”

“…Some literature states that normal bacterial flora of parrots is composed predominantly by gram-positive bacilli, 18 but the normality and significance of the presence of gram-negative bacteria is divergent, since some studies indicate that their presence does not imply disease. 10 , 11 …”

“…A few studies reporting health status of wild psittacine species in southern Brazil have been described in the literature. 9 , 11 Chlamydiosis is one of the main infectious diseases for the order Psittaciformes because this group has the highest positivity rate (45%) among birds. 12 Avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and West Nile virus (WNV) are three of the most important viral diseases in industrial aviculture and have a significant burden to public health.…”

Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Enterobacteria from Nestling Grey-Breasted Parakeets (Pyrrhura Griseipectus)

“…The enterobacteria detected in this research study is explained by the fact that young birds are colonized by microbes immediately after hatch, and acquire a microbial biomass by contact with environmental microorganisms, as well as by parental feeding, both of which considered the main sources of microbial transmission to developing birds (Mills et al, 1999). Moreover, the young birds may have acquired this harmful microbial load by direct contact with other animals that might have visited the artificial nests, such as mice, bats, and other avian species, or by indirect contact with their secretions (Allgayer et al, 2009;Serafini et al, 2015).…”

“…Thus, the presence of Gram-negative bacteria, including those belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, in their intestinal microbiota has been considered an indication of potential diseases (Bangert et al, 1988;Mattes et al, 2005). Currently, microbiological studies with psittacine have increasingly isolated enterobacteria in healthy birds (Serafini et al, 2015;Lopes et al, 2015;Machado et al, 2016), which may indicate a more opportunistic role of these agents (Hidasi et al, 2013).…”