O alcoolismo, suas causas e tratamento nas representações sociais de profissionais de Saúde da Família

Abstract

As ciências da saúde definem o alcoolismo como síndrome multifacetada. Para o tratamento, diretrizes preconizam a adoção do paradigma de redução de danos e o importante papel da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) junto aos problemas com o álcool. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender representações sociais do alcoolismo construídas por profissionais de APS, atuando em Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF). Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 40 profissionais de nível superior, que atuavam em 11 diferentes USF de um município do Sudeste do Brasil, e análise de conteúdo temática. Destacam-se os seguintes resultados: os profissionais objetivavam o alcoolista como usuário que não demandava cuidado para essa condição e/ou que ameaçava o funcionamento das USF; consideravam causas sociais e psicológicas como as mais importantes; não mencionaram o conceito de redução de danos, nem fluxos bem definidos de tratamento. A discussão indica que a atribuição causal e o campo representacional próprio às representações sociais contribuíam para ancorar o alcoolismo como "chaga" da pobreza. As USF eram tidas simultaneamente como importantes e como impotentes frente ao alcoolismo. Conclui-se que a implantação de estratégias para problemas com o álcool na APS deve atentar para relações intergrupais entre profissionais e usuários.

Conhecimento e Abordagens acerca do Uso Problemático do Álcool

“…De modo sucinto, a RD é uma estratégia da saúde pública que busca reduzir os danos à saúde em consequência de práticas de risco. A implantação de estratégias deverá atentar para rela-ções intergrupais entre profissionais, usuários e seus familiares, pois evidencia-se que a abordagem dos profissionais de saúde ao dependente de álcool e drogas na APS não é satisfatória, e a política de RD, apesar de já ter sido adotada pelo Estado, parece não passar de uma proposta, pois ainda não faz parte da rotina nos serviços de APS (Reis, Silva, & Andrade, 2010;Souza, Menandro, & Menandro, 2015).…”

Alcoholism in rural areas: biographical situation of relatives of patients admitted to a general hospital

“…10 It is observed in the family narratives that the family of the alcoholic experiences situations of stress and anxiety and lives in function of expectations related to the act of drinking of the other, becoming vulnerable to feelings, such as anger, compassion, sadness, among others. Experiencing these situations makes family members fragile, which can lead to illness, [21][22] as depression, mentioned by F8 and F9.…”

The Aggravations in Health Services of Urgencies and Emergencies Having Alcohol as the Leading Cause: a Study of Social Representations / O Álcool Dentro dos Agravos em Urgências e Emergências: um Estudo de Representações Sociais

“…Therefore, the study's goal was to understand the social representations of alcohol users about their complications to the diseases within the health services of urgencies and emergencies. 2 Transversally, social representations make the logic possible to explain how individuals derive, experiment and conduct their actions on the effect of alcoholic drink, experienced by social groups in their daily life, it is understood that social or consensual knowledge is not considered an evolution of knowing common sense to the scientist, implying a hierarchy between them, but a universe interceded by language and everyday, where they coexist and are structured through the incorporation of knowledge and practices anchored within the custom of dealing with the innovation in a collective, in this episode, the alcoholic beverage within the meanings of the users. 2 Regarding the obstacles to accidents against alcoholism, we consider alcohol as a public health problem in the consensual daily life, being the third cause of death in the world, behind exclusively cancer and heart diseases, it is still considered the third reason absenteeism, incorporating as the most repeated pretext of early retirements related to mutilations and accidents related to alcohol, and the eighth reason for consent of sickness benefit by social security, where direct and indirect expenses arising from accidents related to alcohol abuse, are among the most significant in the field of public health.…”

“…2 Transversally, social representations make the logic possible to explain how individuals derive, experiment and conduct their actions on the effect of alcoholic drink, experienced by social groups in their daily life, it is understood that social or consensual knowledge is not considered an evolution of knowing common sense to the scientist, implying a hierarchy between them, but a universe interceded by language and everyday, where they coexist and are structured through the incorporation of knowledge and practices anchored within the custom of dealing with the innovation in a collective, in this episode, the alcoholic beverage within the meanings of the users. 2 Regarding the obstacles to accidents against alcoholism, we consider alcohol as a public health problem in the consensual daily life, being the third cause of death in the world, behind exclusively cancer and heart diseases, it is still considered the third reason absenteeism, incorporating as the most repeated pretext of early retirements related to mutilations and accidents related to alcohol, and the eighth reason for consent of sickness benefit by social security, where direct and indirect expenses arising from accidents related to alcohol abuse, are among the most significant in the field of public health. 1 The individual experiencing the effect of the alcoholic beverage when suffering a highly malicious accident, where it increases a weakened attention on its activities and sensitivities, thus causing a lowering of the level of consciousness and vision, disloyal perception of the activity in which an automobile vehicle causes, causing euphoria and difficulty in distinguishing distinct spatial notions and luminosities, as well as diminishing their perception and activity.…”

“…3 The theory indicates specific form of knowledge, in which its contents are manifested in generative and functional processes marked socially, anchored through the quotidian and consensual knowledge or common sense knowledge designates a form of social thought, in other words, the way in which the individual particularly presents himself and how he interacts with society causes transformations, since his individual actions become social "contributing to the construction of the common reality to a social group". 2 Daily it is possible to observe the number of accidents involving the use of alcohol, be it domestic accident through violence or even a traffic accident. From this reality, we seek to show to the nurse and community, in general, the importance of awareness of the problems that alcohol intake can lead.…”