Nutritional factors in milk from Brazilian mothers delivering small for gestational age neonates

Grumach, Anete Sevciovic; Jerônimo, Solange E.I.; Hage, M. L.; Carneiro-Sampaio, Magda

doi:10.1590/s0034-89101993000600008

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Outros estudos já comprovaram que o valor do crematócrito em amostras de LHP apresenta-se menor que o do LHC [30][31][32] . Wang relata que o congelamento e descongelamento do leite humano está associado à diminuição do crematócrito; entretanto, os efeitos desses processos na concentração de lipídeos, carboidratos e proteínas não se mostraram significativos 4 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Assessment of the energy content of human milk administered to very low birth weight infants

Vieira¹,

Moreira²,

Rocha³

et al. 2004

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Objective: To evaluate and compare the energy content in fresh and processed human milk administered to very low birth weight infants born in the Institute Fernandes Figueira.Methods: Samples of 0.5 ml of fresh and processed human milk were evaluated as for the fat percentile and energy content, which was calculated by mathematical formulas. Four hundred and sixty two human milk samples were analyzed, 401 of processed human milk and 61 of fresh human milk. Results:The median and the standard deviation of the fat percentile checked was 2.9±1.2% in the processed samples and 8.9±4.6% in the fresh samples (p < 0.001). The median and the standard deviation of the energy content calculated was 53.6±7.2 kcal/100 ml in processed samples and 85.9±27.9 kcal/100 ml in fresh samples (p < 0.001). Conclusion:The processed human milk samples had less energy content and less fat than fresh human milk samples suggesting that the complex processes of the human milk manipulation and administration can determine losses in energy content. ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar e comparar o conteúdo energético do leite humano cru e do leite humano processado oferecidos aos recém-nascidos com peso de nascimento menor que 1.500 g no Instituto Fernandes Figueira.Métodos: Foram avaliadas alíquotas com 0,5 ml de leite humano cru e de leite humano processado, determinando-se primeiramente o crematócrito e, posteriormente, por meio da aplicação de fórmulas matemáticas, o teor energético. Foram avaliadas 462 amostras de leite humano, sendo 401 de leite humano processado e 61 de leite humano cru.Resultados: A média do percentual de gordura obtida foi de 3,0±1,2% no leite humano processado e de 8,9±4,6% no leite humano cru (p < 0,001). A média do conteúdo energético calculado foi de 53,6±7,2 kcal/100 ml no leite humano processado e de 85,9±27,9 kcal/100 ml no leite humano cru (p < 0,001).Conclusão: Foram encontrados percentual de gordura e conteúdo energético significativamente menores no leite humano processado em relação ao leite humano cru, sugerindo que o processo de manipulação pode afetar a qualidade do leite humano processado ofertado aos recém-nascidos. J Pediatr (Rio J) IntroduçãoO leite materno é o alimento ideal para qualquer recém-nascido (RN) em função de sua digestibilidade, composição química balanceada e capacidade de gerar imunidade 1 . Seu uso tem sido muito incentivado nas unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI) neonatal, incluindo tanto o leite extraído do seio materno e imediatamente administrado ao RN (leite humano cru LHC) quanto o proveniente de banco de leite (leite humano processado LHP).Nas situações em que a mãe se encontra separada do seu bebê ou quando o bebê não é capaz de sugar o seio, a coleta e a estocagem do leite materno têm sido estimuladas 2 .No entanto, o uso do leite materno exclusivo para alimentar o recém-nascido com muito baixo peso (RNM-BP) tem sido associado a um ganho de peso inadequado e a um déficit nutricional durante a hospitalização 3 . Vários motivos podem contribuir para esta má performance, princip...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Assessment of the energy content of human milk administered to very low birth weight infants

Vieira¹,

Moreira²,

Rocha³

et al. 2004

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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“…In the present study, the concentrations of sodium and potassium did not vary in the colostrum of hypertensive mothers, but they were higher in transitional and mature milk. Some studies have shown that sodium increases during the first 60 hours postpartum (Neville et al 1991;Grumash et al 1993), whereas others have reported no alterations in mineral levels of the milk of hypertensive mothers (Sírio et al 2007). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal hypertension induces alterations in immunological factors of colostrum and human milk

Massmann

França

Souza

et al. 2013

Frontiers in Life Science

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in minerals, antibodies, complement and cytokine levels in the human milk of hypertensive women based on the time of collection (diurnal/nocturnal) and the type of milk. The material was collected from 23 mothers at three stages of maturity: 3 days (colostrum), 10 days (transitional milk) and 30 days (mature milk) postpartum -and at two times -diurnal (12:00 h) and nocturnal (24:00 h) -resulting in a total of 138 samples. The minerals, antibody, complement, IFN-γ and TGF-β cytokine levels were determined. Increases in sodium and potassium were observed independent of phase, while phosphorus was observed only during nocturnal period. IgA was higher in the transitional milk of hypertensive mothers in the nocturnal period. IgG was higher in the nocturnal period of hypertensive mothers regardless of milk maturation. The C3 protein increased during the diurnal period in the transitional and mature milk of hypertensive women. Milk concentrations of the cytokines IFN-γ and TGF-β were higher during the nocturnal period of hypertensive mothers. These data suggest that the milk of hypertensive mothers exhibits alterations proteins and inflammatory mediators, and these alterations are dependent on time and milk maturation.

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“…Other studies have tested the creamatocrit value in samples of PHM and found it to be lower than in RHM. [30][31][32] Wang relates that freezing and defrosting human milk is associated with reductions in the creamatocrit, however the effects of these processes on the lipid, carbohydrate and protein concentrations were not found to be significant. 4 The calculations made to ascertain the energy content of the PHM samples tested in this study demonstrated that the caloric content of the samples was not the most suitable for guaranteeing the desired nutritional support to VLBW infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Análise do conteúdo energético do leite humano administrado a recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso ao nascimento

Vieira¹,

Moreira²,

Rocha³

et al. 2004

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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Nutritional factors in milk from Brazilian mothers delivering small for gestational age neonates

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Assessment of the energy content of human milk administered to very low birth weight infants

Assessment of the energy content of human milk administered to very low birth weight infants

Maternal hypertension induces alterations in immunological factors of colostrum and human milk

Análise do conteúdo energético do leite humano administrado a recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso ao nascimento

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