Normal faulting driven by denudational isostatic rebound

Fernández-Ibáñez, Fermín; Pérez-Peña, Jose Vicente; Azor, António; Soto, Juan I.; Azañón, José Miguel

doi:10.1130/g31059.1

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Isostasy significantly influences large‐scale geomorphological evolution, and it cannot be ignored when building geological models (Molnar, ). The isostatic effect of erosion has garnered much attention recently (Montgomery, ; Stern et al ., ; Champagnac et al ., ; Koppes and Montgomery, ; Fernández‐Ibáñez et al ., ; Vernant et al ., ). However, there is less discussion of the isostatic effects of deposition, and researchers have mainly focused on continental margin deposits or abyssal deposits (Magara, ; Sykes, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endorheic or exorheic: differential isostatic effects of Cenozoic sediments on the elevations of the cratonic basins around the Tibetan Plateau

Guo

2014

Terra Nova

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Based on isostasy, this paper elegantly explains the differential modern elevations of the large‐scale cratonic basins around the Tibetan Plateau. The Qaidam and Tarim basins are endorheic regions with thick Cenozoic deposits, and they uplifted dramatically during the Cenozoic. In contrast, the Sichuan basin is exorheic and most Cenozoic sediments flowed out of the basin; no visible Cenozoic uplift is observed. We suggest that whether a basin is endorheic or exorheic significantly influences its modern elevation, illustrating how exogenic geological processes impact endogenic geological processes. In addition, a new method of estimating paleoelevation is proposed, which predicts successively accelerating uplift of the Qaidam basin during the Cenozoic and provides good constraints on the geological evolution of the northern Tibetan Plateau.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endorheic or exorheic: differential isostatic effects of Cenozoic sediments on the elevations of the cratonic basins around the Tibetan Plateau

Guo

2014

Terra Nova

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“…1). It is an active, ~37 km-long normal fault array striking N-S to NW-SE and dipping 45 to 65° E (Alfaro et al, 2008;Fernández-Ibáñez et al, 2010;Sanz de Galdeano et al, 2012, Castro et al, 2018. Overall, the BF accommodates ENE-WSW extension in this area (Alfaro et al, 2008, and references therein).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D geometry and architecture of a normal fault zone in poorly lithified sediments: A trench study on a strand of the Baza Fault, central Betic Cordillera, south Spain

Medina-Cascales

Koch

Cardozo

et al. 2019

Journal of Structural Geology

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“…In addition, the estimation of the final sedimentary budgets in the adjacent marine basins allows us to assess the interchanging erosion and sedimentary inputs and outputs (sedimentary budget) between upraised source areas and sedimentary basins [11][12][13]. However, based on analyses successfully tested in volcanic islands [14], in combination with methods based on the recognition of geomorphic markers as proxies for former paleo-elevations [15][16][17], innovative approaches to reconstruct the pre-denudation scenarios in mountain ranges have been developed based on Airy isostasy and geophysical relief, e.g., [18]. These approaches allow us to quantify the total volume of eroded material and the total amount of uplift by comparison with the actual topography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bulk amount of denudation was calculated in a GIS environment using map algebra based on the analysis of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). The used methodologies improve previous methods to reconstruct proxy-based pre-incision surfaces in drainage basins [14,16] and are applied to the large-scale analysis of mountain ranges. The study is based on the calculation of the geophysical relief (G R ) of [18] and the application of Airy-derived isostatic functions to evaluate the theoretical isostatic response (uplift) to erosional unloading by taking into account crustal parameters commonly considered for this zone of the Betic Cordillera [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The used methodologies improve previous methods to reconstruct proxy-based pre-incision surfaces in drainage basins [14,16] and are applied to the large-scale analysis of mountain ranges. The study is based on the calculation of the geophysical relief (G R ) of [18] and the application of Airy-derived isostatic functions to evaluate the theoretical isostatic response (uplift) to erosional unloading by taking into account crustal parameters commonly considered for this zone of the Betic Cordillera [16]. The comparison between the calculated pre-incision topography before the MSC and the present erosional landscape allowed us to evaluate the eroded rock volume for each analyzed basin along the Gibraltar Arc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantification of Erosion and Uplift in a Rising Orogen—A Large-Scale Perspective (Late Tortonian to Present): The Case of the Gibraltar Arc, Betic Cordillera, Southern Spain

2020

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The present study deals with the morphometric quantification of erosion and illustrates the uplift component triggered by denudation (isostasy) in the growth and evolution of a rising orogeny by the application of Airy isostasy concepts. The Gibraltar Arc, located in the Western–Central sector of the Betic Cordillera, developed an exceptional geological scenario during the Messinian Salinity Crisis since the thin emerged fringe of the uprising Cordillera disconnected the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins, generating a relevant misbalance and asymmetry in the fluvial erosion between the two slopes of the emergent orogeny. Our analysis was applied to 50 individual drainage basins (spatial isostatic units) in the Western–Central Betic Cordillera, allowing us to obtain individual and bulk estimates for these isostatic parameters. GIS-based numerical estimations were obtained using LiDAR Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) provided by the Spanish Geographical Institute and reconstructed pre-incision surface models obtained from proxy paleo-elevation data, estimated from stratigraphic and geomorphological littoral to shallow marine markers. The obtained values for geophysical relief, denudation plates, erosion/uplift rates and computed accumulated uplift (245–407 ±20 m) are higher for the ancient Mediterranean slope of the orogen. On the contrary, the Atlantic slope presents an accumulated uplift of only 138–236 ±20 m, indicating the strong control of the ancient Messinian Atlantic–Mediterranean water divide. The temporal study of erosion indicates that most of the difference in uplift in the Mediterranean slope was achieved during or soon after the Messinian Salinity Crisis, resulting in mean uplift rates of 0.21 mm/y, but practically null (0.01 mm/y) for the Atlantic slope. The comparison of the geophysical relief models with proxy paleo-elevation data allowed us to assess the current state of the denudation process in the range. The results indicate that, towards the west of the range denudation compensated elevation, and is actively back-feeding isostatic rebound. Therefore, the contribution of external processes to mountain range elevation through isostasy is quantitatively estimated using elevation data. In this case, a relevant part of the surface uplift (50-55%) is undertaken by the orogen. Ultimately, the Messinian Salinity Crisis-related isostatic response to differential denudation may be behind the quaternary westward tilting of Iberia, causing more than 70% of the Peninsula to drain towards the Atlantic.

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Normal faulting driven by denudational isostatic rebound

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Endorheic or exorheic: differential isostatic effects of Cenozoic sediments on the elevations of the cratonic basins around the Tibetan Plateau

Endorheic or exorheic: differential isostatic effects of Cenozoic sediments on the elevations of the cratonic basins around the Tibetan Plateau

3D geometry and architecture of a normal fault zone in poorly lithified sediments: A trench study on a strand of the Baza Fault, central Betic Cordillera, south Spain

Quantification of Erosion and Uplift in a Rising Orogen—A Large-Scale Perspective (Late Tortonian to Present): The Case of the Gibraltar Arc, Betic Cordillera, Southern Spain

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