Nonformal education for improving educational outcomes for street children and street youth in developing countries: A systematic review

Abstract

formal education for improving educational outcomes for street children and street youth in developing countries: A systematic review Tens of millions of children and youth (up to 24 years of age) live and work on the streets of developing countries. Most of them are forced to leave formal education. As a potential solution, nonformal education (NFE) interventions have spread worldwide. However, no previous attempt has been made to address the state of evidence regarding effectiveness studies of NFE for street children and youth. This review addresses this gap by conducting the first systematic review concerning the effectiveness of NFE for improving educational outcomes for street children and street youth. The search was conducted in 35 structured electronic databases and numerous organizations and experts were also contacted. The screening of 9,271 titles resulted in the identification of zero prospective effectiveness studies with a counterfactual. Lessons are drawn from the highest quality excluded studies to inform future evaluations that seek to address this knowledge gap.Key Practitioner Message: • Practitioners should implement comparable intake and monitoring assessments to track changes consistently over time; • Programs informed by critical pedagogy and empowerment-based approaches may improve behavioral outcomes; • Programs that work with street children and street youth should clarify how they identify their target population.Worldwide, there are millions of children who spend much of their time working and even sleeping on the

Occupation-based practices and homelessness: A scoping review

“…Seven papers examined potential occupation-based practices with street children in developing countries (e.g., D. Shephard, 2014).…”

“…Seven papers examined potential occupation-based practices with street children in developing countries (e.g., D. Shephard, 2014). Interventions include the use of play; storytelling; engagement in peer-led dialogue around occupational goals; academic, pre-vocational, and life skills training; stimulation programs; and social enterprises for adolescents.…”

Trust Issues in the Health Communication of Childreen in Street Situation

“…Several previous studies related to the issue of children in street situations discussed more on the aspects of knowledge, education, economy, and health. For example, research conducted by (Shephard, 2014) attention (Obregón & Tufte, 2017).…”

Interventions for promoting reintegration and reducing harmful behaviour and lifestyles in street‐connected children and young people: a systematic review

“…Berckmans 2013 focused on services provided in LMICs and included qualitative literature similar to our thematic synthesis of engagement‐related factors discussed in LMIC qualitative literature (Coren 2014; Coren 2015). We searched a recent systematic review of non‐formal education for street‐connected children and youth (Shephard 2014) to find studies eligible for our review, but we identified none.…”