Non Contact Atomic Force Microscope Electrical Manipulation of Carbon Nanotubes and Its Application to Fabrication of a Room Temperature Operating Single Electron Transistor

Abstract

Aerated chocolate products consist of solid chocolate with the inclusion of bubbles and are a popular consumer product in many countries. The volume fraction and size distribution of the bubbles has an effect on their sensory properties and manufacturing cost. For these reasons it is important to have an online real time process monitoring system capable of measuring their bubble size distribution. As these products are eaten by consumers it is desirable that the monitoring system is non contact to avoid food contaminations. In this work we assess the feasibility of using an airborne ultrasound system to monitor the bubble size distribution in aerated chocolate bars. The experimental results from the airborne acoustic experiments were compared with theoretical results for known bubble size distributions using COMSOL Multiphysics. This combined experimental and theoretical approach is used to develop a greater understanding of how ultrasound propagates through aerated chocolate and to assess the feasibility of using airborne ultrasound to monitor bubble size distribution in these systems. The results indicated that a smaller bubble size distribution would result in an increase in attenuation through the product.

Controlling conducting channels of single-walled carbon nanotube array with atomic force microscopy

“…Therefore, to cut or sweep away the nanotubes, we applied a bias to the AFM tip. A negative bias of -10 V was shown to cut the SWNTs (not shown), consistent with recent experimental reports of cutting CNTs with a negatively biased tip (Hyon et al 2005;Kim et al 2003;Park et al 2002). Multiple scans over the area marked with a white rectangular box in Fig.…”

“…Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been a widely used tool to perform various kinds of CNT manipulation. Both contact mode and non-contact mode could be used to translate, bend, roll, split or cut the nanotubes (Hyon et al 2005;Kim et al 2003;Kumar et al 2012;Postma et al 2000;Ziyong et al 2003), either by applying the tip bias (Hyon et al 2005;Kim et al 2003;Park et al 2002) or by exerting mechanical forces (Hertel et al 1998). Devices based on SWNTs were also fabricated through AFM manipulation such as single-electron transistors (Postma et al 2001), field-effect transistors (Avouris et al 1999), diodes (Jiao et al 2008), and so on.…”

Room-Temperature Carbon Nanotube Single-Electron Transistors Fabricated Using Defect-Induced Plasma Process

“…5. It was reported that the yield of CNT-SETs fabricated by the thermal chemical process 15) is less than 1%. Consequently, the defect-induced plasma process will be a useful method for the mass production of the roomtemperature-operated CNT-SETs.…”

“…CNT-SETs operating at room temperature have been reported, which were fabricated using atomic force microscope manipulation of CNTs, a thermal chemical process, or focused ion beam technique. [15][16][17] These methods are so complicated for the mass production of the room-temperature-operated CNT-SETs.…”

Room-Temperature Coulomb Oscillations of Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors with Oxidized Insulators

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Among quantum-effect devices, single-electron transistors (SETs) are one of the most promising candidates for high sensitive biomolecular or single-spin sensors. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Ideally, SETs have a central single-electron island that must be extremely small. The island is connected between the source and the drain via capacitors through which tunneling occurs to conduct current, and the third terminal is the insulated gate.…”