Noise Comparators and Standards for S and X Bands

Noise standards, measurements, and receiver noise definitions

“…This modified radiometer has been used by a number of noise metrologists [18], [7], [9], [20], [21]. A further modification of switching the IF rather than the RF signal has also been used successfully [22].…”

“…The modified switching radiometer has been analyzed quite extensively and the sources of error are quite well defined [7], [19], [22].…”

“…Also, recently, Halford [22] reported theconstruction of a thermal standard composed of a zinc-titanate wedge in a waveguide composed in part of duralumin and in part of silver plated steel and operated at 400°C. During noise comparisons, temperature measurements are performed by a platinum resistance thermometer located in a channel of the bar which contains the waveguide port.…”

“…Other weaknesses in current commercial design were noted and an improved mount design was suggested with a 9' insertion angle [58] and a 7' insertion angle [22]. Further.…”

A new national electrical noise standard in x-band

“…The new device has benefited from experience gained in the operation of a previous standard in X-band [1] and also from the design of a similar device in S-band [2]. From the operational point of view, one of the important features of the latest device is that it has been designed to be demountable; i.e.…”