Abstracr--'Ihis paper eolLfists of fwr seetioas c o v e 1) basic principles of noise mersPrement, 2) the switching radiometer, 3) a survey of noise so~~lces, and 4) concepts of noise factor and noise temperature. The f h t sectioopresentsbPsiCfom~lsediu~rdiometen.Thesecood disclases the switching rrdiometer, brieUy traciug its development and usage in the shodads field. lEe third sectioa surveys the development of hot and cold t h e d noise s(w~es, noise diodes, and grsdischnrge noise generators.The last sectioa presents and disasses the basic dehitiom of receiver noise perfomme.
This metrology guide provides the basis for critical comparisons among seven measurement techniques for average noise factor and effective input noise temperature.The techniques that are described, discussed, and analyzed include 1.
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