Nitrous oxide emissions from cattle-impacted pasture soil amended with nitrate and glucose

Hynšt, Jaroslav; Brůček, Petr; Šimek, Miloslav

doi:10.1007/s00374-007-0167-0

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…More recently in a field experiment, a similar trend of enhanced N 2 after raising soil pH to 7 was observed in pasture soils treated with urea/urine (Zaman & Nguyen, 2010). This idea is further supported by our studies on cattle pasture soil (Hynšt et al, 2007). At the site with the greatest animal impact, the ratio of N 2 to N 2 O produced during denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) measurements was five-fold higher, and the pH was 2 units higher, compared to the site with the least animal impact, which indicated that soil conditions were favourable for production of N 2 rather than N 2 O in the area where excretal returns and treading was intense.…”

Section: Soil Phsupporting

confidence: 79%

Emissions of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Di-Nitrogen (N2) from the Agricultural Landscapes, Sources, Sinks, and Factors Affecting N2O and N2 Ratios

Zaman¹,

Nguyen²,

Šimek³

et al. 2012

Greenhouse Gases - Emission, Measurement and Management

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Section: Soil Phsupporting

confidence: 79%

Emissions of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Di-Nitrogen (N2) from the Agricultural Landscapes, Sources, Sinks, and Factors Affecting N2O and N2 Ratios

Zaman¹,

Nguyen²,

Šimek³

et al. 2012

Greenhouse Gases - Emission, Measurement and Management

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“…Other studies, however, did not document diurnal changes in N 2 O fluxes (e.g., Smith and Dobbie 2001). Our results suggest that emissions of N 2 O are closely correlated with nitrogen inputs related to cattle and confirm that measurement of emissions after experimental additions of nutrients to soil can provide information about the 'emission factor' , i.e., the proportion of added N that is emitted from the soil as N 2 O (Hynšt et al 2007b). Although emission of gases can also be strongly affected by plants, the effect of vegetation was not a focus of the current study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…This experiment was conducted to estimate N 2 O emissions from artificially created 'hot-spots' formed using glucose and KNO 3 amendments (Hynšt et al 2007b). The experiment was performed in May and lasted 36 h. Flux measurement started at 9 a.m. when the chambers were closed, and gas samples were taken after 0 and 60 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal fluxes of CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O from cattle-impacted soil and implications for emission estimates

Šimek¹,

Brůček²,

Hynšt³

2010

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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Short-term diurnal changes in emissions of CO 2 and N 2 O were determined in a cattle overwintering area during three specific periods of the year. Production of both N 2 O and CO 2 , as determined with gas chambers buried in soil and spatially distributed changed rapidly, and the general course of fluxes of the two gases was different. CO 2 emissions were basically controlled by temperature, and most gas chambers showed the same trends in CO 2 flux, indicating low spatial heterogeneity. In contrast, N 2 O emissions were much more spatially heterogeneous and each chamber had its own time course of emission; therefore, the relationship between flux and temperature was more complicated for N 2 O than CO 2 . For estimating gas emissions over long periods, we strongly recommend the use of frequent emission measurements during periods of high gas fluxes.

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“…Gas fluxes were determined using medium-size (basal area, 0.096 m 2 ; volume, 10 dm 3 ), nonvented static chambers consisting of a permanent base (bottom part) and top (lid with a rubber septum for gas sampling) (23). Three days before the measurements were started, the permanent bases were inserted 5 cm into the soil and the vegetation inside the bases was clipped to ca.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Effect of Soil pH on N ₂ O and N ₂ Emissions and Denitrifier Community Size and Activity

Čuhel

Šimek

Laughlin

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

384

175

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The objective of this study was to investigate how changes in soil pH affect the N 2 O and N 2 emissions, denitrification activity, and size of a denitrifier community. We established a field experiment, situated in a grassland area, which consisted of three treatments which were repeatedly amended with a KOH solution (alkaline soil), an H 2 SO 4 solution (acidic soil), or water (natural pH soil) over 10 months. At the site, we determined field N 2 O and N 2 emissions using the 15 N gas flux method and collected soil samples for the measurement of potential denitrification activity and quantification of the size of the denitrifying community by quantitative PCR of the narG, napA, nirS, nirK, and nosZ denitrification genes. Overall, our results indicate that soil pH is of importance in determining the nature of denitrification end products. Thus, we found that the N 2 O/(N 2 O ؉ N 2 ) ratio increased with decreasing pH due to changes in the total denitrification activity, while no changes in N 2 O production were observed. Denitrification activity and N 2 O emissions measured under laboratory conditions were correlated with N fluxes in situ and therefore reflected treatment differences in the field. The size of the denitrifying community was uncoupled from in situ N fluxes, but potential denitrification was correlated with the count of NirS denitrifiers. Significant relationships were observed between nirS, napA, and narG gene copy numbers and the N 2 O/(N 2 O ؉ N 2 ) ratio, which are difficult to explain. However, this highlights the need for further studies combining analysis of denitrifier ecology and quantification of denitrification end products for a comprehensive understanding of the regulation of N fluxes by denitrification.Denitrification is the microbial reduction of NO 3 Ϫ via NO 2 Ϫ to gaseous NO, N 2 O, and N 2 , which are then lost into the atmosphere (36). It therefore results in considerable loss of nitrogen, one of the most limiting nutrients for crop production in agriculture (20). Denitrification is also of environmental concern since, together with nitrification, it is the main biological process responsible for N 2 O emissions (7). N 2 O is a potent greenhouse gas which has a global warming potential about 320 times greater than that of CO 2 and has a lifetime of approximately 120 years (32). In the stratosphere, N 2 O can also react with O 2 to produce NO, which induces the destruction of stratospheric ozone (8). N 2 O can be released into the atmosphere by incomplete denitrification due to the effect of environmental conditions on the regulation of the different denitrification reductases (14, 41, 51), but it has recently been suggested that it could also be due to lack of nitrous oxide reductase in some denitrifiers (19,41). Since N 2 O is an intermediate in the denitrification pathway, both the amount of N 2 O produced and the N 2 O/(N 2 O ϩ N 2 ) ratio are important in understanding and predicting N 2 O fluxes from soils. The main environmental factors known to influence the N 2 O/(N 2 O...

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Nitrous oxide emissions from cattle-impacted pasture soil amended with nitrate and glucose

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Emissions of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Di-Nitrogen (N2) from the Agricultural Landscapes, Sources, Sinks, and Factors Affecting N2O and N2 Ratios

Emissions of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Di-Nitrogen (N2) from the Agricultural Landscapes, Sources, Sinks, and Factors Affecting N2O and N2 Ratios

Diurnal fluxes of CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O from cattle-impacted soil and implications for emission estimates

Insights into the Effect of Soil pH on N ₂ O and N ₂ Emissions and Denitrifier Community Size and Activity

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Nitrous oxide emissions from cattle-impacted pasture soil amended with nitrate and glucose

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Emissions of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Di-Nitrogen (N2) from the Agricultural Landscapes, Sources, Sinks, and Factors Affecting N2O and N2 Ratios

Emissions of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Di-Nitrogen (N2) from the Agricultural Landscapes, Sources, Sinks, and Factors Affecting N2O and N2 Ratios

Diurnal fluxes of CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O from cattle-impacted soil and implications for emission estimates

Insights into the Effect of Soil pH on N 2 O and N 2 Emissions and Denitrifier Community Size and Activity

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Insights into the Effect of Soil pH on N ₂ O and N ₂ Emissions and Denitrifier Community Size and Activity