Emissions of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Di-Nitrogen (N2) from the Agricultural Landscapes, Sources, Sinks, and Factors Affecting N2O and N2 Ratios

Zaman, Mohammad; Nguyen, M. L.; Šimek, Miloslav; Nawaz, Sultan; Khan, Muhammad Jamal; Babar, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan; Zaman, Shahriar

doi:10.5772/32781

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Autotrophic nitrification is enhanced by oxygen availability, moderate water content (approximately 60% water filled pore space WFPS), ammonium (NH4 + -N) availability, temperature N5 °C and soil pH N5. Heterotrophic nitrification requires organic carbon (C), NH4 + -N supply and occurs in acidic soils (Wood, 1990;Zaman et al,2012). Denitrification, an anaerobic microbial process where nitrogen oxides are used as alternative terminal electron acceptors instead of O2, is driven by high soil water content (above 60%WFPS) as this hampers O2 diffusion and results in creation of soil anaerobiosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management intensity controls soil N2O fluxes in an Afromontane ecosystem

Wanyama

Pelster²,

Arias-Navarro³

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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Studies that quantify nitrous oxide (NO) fluxes from African tropical forests and adjacent managed land uses are scarce. The expansion of smallholder agriculture and commercial agriculture into the Mau forest, the largest montane forest in Kenya, has caused large-scale land use change over the last decades. We measured annual soil NO fluxes between August 2015 and July 2016 from natural forests and compared them to the NO fluxes from land either managed by smallholder farmers for grazing and tea production, or commercial tea and eucalyptus plantations (n=18). Air samples from 5 pooled static chambers were collected between 8:00am and 11:30am and used within each plot to calculate the gas flux rates. Annual soil NO fluxes ranged between 0.2 and 2.9kgNhayr at smallholder sites and 0.6-1.7kgNhayr at the commercial agriculture sites, with no difference between land uses (p=0.98 and p=0.18, respectively). There was marked variation within land uses and, in particular, within those managed by smallholder farmers where management was also highly variable. Plots receiving fertilizer applications and those with high densities of livestock showed the highest NO fluxes (1.6±0.3kgNO-Nhayr, n=7) followed by natural forests (1.1±0.1kgNO-Nhayr, n=6); although these were not significantly different (p=0.19). Significantly lower fluxes (0.5±0.1kgNhayr, p<0.01, n=5) were found on plots that received little or no inputs. Daily soil NO flux rates were not correlated with concurrent measurements of water filled pore space (WFPS), soil temperature or inorganic nitrogen (IN) concentrations. However, IN intensity, a measure of exposure of soil microbes (in both time and magnitude) to IN concentrations was strongly correlated with annual soil NO fluxes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management intensity controls soil N2O fluxes in an Afromontane ecosystem

Wanyama

Pelster²,

Arias-Navarro³

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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“…The autotrophic nitrification should be a dominant N transformation process under conditions that soil was at 30-60% WFPS (Bateman and Baggs 2005), soil pH was above 5 (optimum 7 to 9), and NH 4 + was abundant (after application of NH 4 + based fertilizer) at optimum temperature 25-35°C (Zaman et al 2007;Zaman and Nguyen 2010;Zaman et al 2012). The present experimental conditions (40% WFPS, pH >5 and abundant NH 4 + ) were favorable for the autotrophic nitrification process.…”

Section: Effects Of Nh 4 + Application Rates On N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Interactive effects of ammonium application rates and temperature on nitrous oxide emission from tropical agricultural soil

Hoang

Maeda

2018

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), a potent greenhouse gas, from agricultural soil have been recognized to be affected by nitrogen (N) application and temperature. Most of the previous studies were carried out to determine effects of temperature on N 2 O emissions at a fixed N application rate or those of N application rates at a specific temperature. Knowledge about the effects of different ammonium (NH 4 + ) application rates and temperatures on N 2 O emissions from tropical agricultural soil and their interactions is limited. Five grams of air-dried sandy loam soil, collected in Central Vietnam, were adjusted to 0, 400, 800 and 1200 mg NH 4 -N kg -1 soil (abbreviated as 0 N, 400 N, 800 N and 1200 N, respectively) at 60% water holding capacity were aerobically incubated at 20°C, 25°C, 30°C or 35°C for 28 days. Mineral N contents and N 2 O emission rates were determined on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Cumulative N 2 O emissions for 28 days increased with increasing NH 4 + application rates from 0 to 800 mg N kg -1 and then declined to 1200 mg N kg -1 . Cumulative N 2 O emissions increased in the order of 35°C, 20°C, 30°C and 25°C. This lowest emission at 35°C occurred because N 2 O production was derived only from autotrophic nitrification while other N 2 O production processes, e.g., nitrifier denitrification and coupled nitrification-denitrification occurred at lower temperatures. More specifically, cumulative N 2 O emissions peaked at 800 N and 25°C, and the lowest emissions occurred at 1200 N and 35°C. In conclusion, N 2 O emissions were not exponentially correlated with NH 4 + application rates or temperatures. Higher NH 4 + application rates at higher temperatures suppressed N 2 O emissions. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Organische mest bevat ook gemakkelijk afbreekbare koolstof (C). Deze C kan de bacteriële omzetting van N-verbindingen in gasvormige elementaire N (N2) en lachgas (N2O) stimuleren (in gewone taal 'denitrificatie', hoewel hierbij meer processen betrokken kunnen zijn) (Zaman et al, 2012;Velthof & Rietra, 2018). De kans op 'denitrificatie' is groter bij diep ingewerkte en/of onvergiste mest van met name éénmagigen (kippen, varkens) dan bij oppervlakkig toegediende en/of vergiste mest van met name herkauwers.…”

Section: Werkingscoëfficiëntunclassified

Stikstofwerking van organische meststoffen en hun relatie met gebruiksnormen

Schröder¹,

Dijk²

2019

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Uit organische mest komt niet alleen stikstof (N) vrij in het jaar van toediening maar ook in de jaren daarna. Deze mineralisatie strekt zich in beginsel uit over tientallen jaren. Bij regelmatig gebruik van mest stijgt de N-werking ('NWC') in de loop van de jaren daarom naar een maximum. In de regelgeving hebben de voorgeschreven NWC's meestal betrekking op wat vrijkomt in het eerste jaar na toediening. Het jarenlange herhaalde gebruik van mest is aanleiding om in de advisering en regelgeving van de lange termijn NWC uit te gaan. Vanuit dat oogpunt kan de NWC van een aantal vloeibare organische mestsoorten verhoogd worden naar 70-80% en die van vaste organische mestsoorten naar 55-75%. Daarbij is wel aandacht nodig voor dubbeltellingen omdat de N-nawerking al impliciet in enkele bemestingsadviezen versleuteld is. Mocht de samenstelling van mest of de omstandigheden waaronder mest wordt toegediend veranderen, dan is met een relatief eenvoudig stelsel van rekenregels een redelijke schatting te maken van de NWC in het jaar van toediening en op lange termijn. Dat neemt niet weg dat nader experimenteel onderzoek zinvol is naar de mate van synchronisatie tussen mineralisatie en het N-opnamepatroon van gewassen en naar de mate waarin organische mest tot extra emissie van elementaire N en lachgas leidt. NWC's spelen ook een rol in het gebruiksnormenstelsel. Er bestaat een verschil tussen de totstandkoming van N-gebruiksnormen van grasland en snijmaïs enerzijds en de overige akker-en tuinbouwgewassen anderzijds. De implicatie daarvan is dat een verhoging van de NWC bij grasland en snijmaïs vanuit een milieukundig oogpunt gepaard mag gaan met een navenante verhoging van de N-gebruiksnormen maar die van de overige akker-en tuinbouwgewassen niet.

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Emissions of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Di-Nitrogen (N2) from the Agricultural Landscapes, Sources, Sinks, and Factors Affecting N2O and N2 Ratios

Cited by 25 publications

References 135 publications

Management intensity controls soil N2O fluxes in an Afromontane ecosystem

Management intensity controls soil N2O fluxes in an Afromontane ecosystem

Interactive effects of ammonium application rates and temperature on nitrous oxide emission from tropical agricultural soil

Stikstofwerking van organische meststoffen en hun relatie met gebruiksnormen

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