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This work presents the analysis of the influence of compost and reclamation substrate addition and mineral fertilizers application on leaching of mineral nitrogen, microbial activities, soil hydrophobicity and plant biomass production. To demonstrate the effect of compost, reclamation substrate and mineral nitrogen (Nmin) addition on above parameters, the pot experiment was performed. As a model crop, Deschampsia caespitosa L. was used and cultivated for 63 days in climate chamber. The leaching of Nmjn was measured by application of ion exchange discs, soil hydrophobicity was determined based on the values of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and microbial activity was expressed as basal (BR) and substrate induced respiration (SIR). Four variants (V1-V4) with different doses of fertilizers were prepared: V1 - control without addition of fertilizers; V2 - this variant of experiment was prepared as mixture of compost and arable land in ratio 7:3; V3 - 90 g/m2 of mineral fertilizers NPK (in the ratio 1:1:1) were applied there and into V4, dose 30 g of compost were applied. The significant differences (P < 0.05) in the detection of Nmin, values of Ksat and SIR were found. The highest decrease of mineral nitrogen leaching was observed by the simultaneous applications of compost (V4) to arable soil, about 50% in comparison with the variant V4 (application of mineral fertilization) and about 10% in comparison with the control. Variants with addition of compost (V2 and V4) showed higher values than variants without, which were measured at three stages (before application of Nmin - 12 days after establishment of the experiment; after application of Nmin - 34 days; at end of the experiment - 63 days). During the experiment, two types of respiration were measured: BR and SIR. The significant differences in SIR were found between variants with addition of compost and variants without. The SIR (cumulative production of CO2) was higher about 25% in variants V2 and V4 compared to variants V1 and V3. The highest values of Ksat were found in variants with addition of compost. Conversely, the lowest value of Ksat was detected in variant with addition of Nmin. Low values of Ksat indicate an increased level of hydrophobicity.

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Short-term diurnal changes in emissions of CO 2 and N 2 O were determined in a cattle overwintering area during three specific periods of the year. Production of both N 2 O and CO 2 , as determined with gas chambers buried in soil and spatially distributed changed rapidly, and the general course of fluxes of the two gases was different. CO 2 emissions were basically controlled by temperature, and most gas chambers showed the same trends in CO 2 flux, indicating low spatial heterogeneity. In contrast, N 2 O emissions were much more spatially heterogeneous and each chamber had its own time course of emission; therefore, the relationship between flux and temperature was more complicated for N 2 O than CO 2 . For estimating gas emissions over long periods, we strongly recommend the use of frequent emission measurements during periods of high gas fluxes.

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The use of biochar in combination with mineral or biological amendments in order to improve its influence on soil-plant properties has received growing attention. The changes of N, C and P content in Lactuca sativa var. capitata aboveground plant biomass and soil after the addition of beech wood biochar combined with the addition of bacterial inoculums (Bacofil and Novarefm) and N fertilizer have been studied using spectrophotometry methods. Pots were filled with the arable soil from the plots in protection zone of water sources (Březová nad Svitavou, South Moravia, Czech Republic). Biochar with inoculums decreased plant growth in the first yield of Novaferm treatment and in both yields of Bactofil treatment. Increased plant biomass growth was observed with Novaferm addition in the second yield. Total N increase has been obtained in the plant aboveground biomass and soil of the treatments amended with inoculums and nitrogen fertilizer. The decrease of P content has been observed in plant aboveground biomass in the biochar amended samples.