Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Nitric-Oxide-Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy and Low-Temperature Photothermal Therapy for Biofilm Elimination

Abstract

Photothermal treatment (PTT) involving a combination of therapeutic modalities recently emerged as an efficient alternative for combating biofilm. However, PTT-related local high temperature may destroy the surrounding healthy tissues. Herein, we present an all-in-one phototherapeutic nanoplatform consisting of l-arginine (l-Arg), indocyanine green (ICG), and mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA), namely, AI-MPDA, to eliminate the already-formed biofilm. The fabrication process included surface modification of MPDA with l-Arg and further adsorption of ICG via π–π stacking. Under near-infrared (NIR) exposure, AI-MPDA not only generated heat but also produced reactive oxygen species, causing a cascade catalysis of l-Arg to release nitric oxide (NO). Under NIR irradiation, biofilm elimination was attributed to the NO-enhanced photodynamic therapy and low-temperature PTT (≤45 °C). Notably, the NIR-triggered all-in-one strategy resulted in severe destruction of bacterial membranes. The phototherapeutic AI-MPDA also displayed good cytocompatibility. NIR-irradiated AI-MPDA nanoparticles not only prevented bacterial colonization but also realized a rapid recovery of infected wounds. More importantly, the all-in-one phototherapeutic platform displayed effective biofilm elimination with an efficiency of around 100% in a abscess formation model. Overall, this low-temperature phototherapeutic platform provides a reliable tool for combating already-formed biofilms in clinical applications.

From Bioinspired Glue to Medicine: Polydopamine as a Biomedical Material

“…Recently, photothermal treatment application based on hybrid PDA NPs consisting of l-arginine (l-Arg), indocyanine green (ICG), and mesoporous PDA (MPDA) was designed by Yuan et al as an alternative to eliminate bacterial biofilm ( Figure 8A) [132]. The synthesised particles displayed relatively uniform size distribution with a diameter of about 200 nm ( Figure 8B), optimal ICG loading efficiency of more than 90.0% was achieved, and the loading content was 9.0 µg ( Figure 8C-E).…”

“…(E) UV/vis absorbance spectra of MPDA (0.1 mg mL −1 ), Arg, ICG (5 μg mL −1 ), and AI-MPDA NPs (0.1 mg mL −1 ). From reference [132] Reprinted with permission from the American Chemical Society.…”

A photo-sensitizable phage for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii therapy and biofilm ablation

“…Besides the free form, MRAB also exists in the form of bio-lms. [32][33][34] In clinics, a large number of implantable medical device-caused bacterial infections are related to MRAB bio-lms. 35,36 Once the biolms are formed on the surface of implantable devices, they are difficult to eradicate due to the protection of the polymeric matrix in biolms.…”

Phototherapy-based combination strategies for bacterial infection treatment

“…In vivo results showed that MoS 2 -BNN6 with enhanced photothermal treatment/NO synergetic antibacterial function achieves >97.2% inactivation of bacteria within 10 min of NIR irradiation, and could also effectively repair wounds through the formation of collagen fibres and elimination of inflammation during tissue reconstruction. Similarly, Cai et al 28 presented an all-in-one phototherapeutic nanoplatform AI-MPDA, which includes L-arginine (L-Arg), ICG and mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) ( Figure 13 A ). AI-MPDA not only generated heat but also produced ROS and catalyzed L-Arg to release NO under NIR irradiation, furthermore, the released NO significantly enhanced the therapeutic effects of photodynamic treatment and low-temperature photothermal treatment (≤45 °C), contributing to the elimination of bacterial biofilm.…”