Phototherapy-based combination strategies for bacterial infection treatment

Abstract

The development of nanomedicine is expected to provide an innovative direction for addressing challenges associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. In the past decades, although nanotechnology-based phototherapy has been developed for antimicrobial treatment since it rarely causes bacterial resistance, the clinical application of single-mode phototherapy has been limited due to poor tissue penetration of light sources. Therefore, combinatorial strategies are being developed. In this review, we first summarized the current phototherapy agents, which were classified into two functional categories: organic phototherapy agents ( e.g., small molecule photosensitizers, small molecule photosensitizer-loaded nanoparticles and polymer-based photosensitizers) and inorganic phototherapy agents ( e.g., carbo-based nanomaterials, metal-based nanomaterials, composite nanomaterials and quantum dots). Then the development of emerging phototherapy-based combinatorial strategies, including combination with chemotherapy, combination with chemodynamic therapy, combination with gas therapy, and multiple combination therapy, are presented and future directions are further discussed. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential of phototherapy to deal with bacterial infections and to propose that the combination therapy strategy is an effective way to solve the challenges of single-mode phototherapy.

Emerging Trends in Nanomaterials for Antibacterial Applications

“…Due to the heat effect of PTT, several strategies were developed to reduce the heat and also to include targeted synergistic therapies, deliver and control the release of PTAs, and regulate irradiation. 219 Black phosphorus (BP) is one of the attractive photosensitizers (PSs) for phototherapeutic applications. 220–222 To develop a nanostructure with a synergistic effect, Aksoy and collaborators synthesized BP and AuNPs nanocomposites to fight pathogenic bacteria especially E. faecalis in planktonic form and as a biofilm.…”

“…irradiation. 219 Black phosphorus (BP) is one of the attractive photosensitizers (PSs) for phototherapeutic applications. [220][221][222] To develop a nanostructure with a synergistic effect, Aksoy and collaborators synthesized BP and AuNPs nanocomposites to fight pathogenic bacteria especially E. faecalis in planktonic form and as a biofilm.…”

Исследование фотокаталитической антимикробной активности нанокомпозитов на основе TiO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--Al-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- при воздействии светодиодного излучения (405 nm) на стафилококки

“…Одним из таких методов является фотодинамическое (ФДАВ) или фотокаталитическое антимикробное воздействие (ФКАВ) [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Метод ФДАВ основан на способности различных эндогенных или экзогенных красителей (фотосенсибилизаторов) под действием света продуцировать в биологической среде свободные радикалы (активные формы кислорода, АФК -ROS), которые вызывают перекисное окисление липидов, повреждение мембран, нарушение структуры ДНК и органелл микроорганизмов [3,4].…”

“…Одним из таких методов является фотодинамическое (ФДАВ) или фотокаталитическое антимикробное воздействие (ФКАВ) [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Метод ФДАВ основан на способности различных эндогенных или экзогенных красителей (фотосенсибилизаторов) под действием света продуцировать в биологической среде свободные радикалы (активные формы кислорода, АФК -ROS), которые вызывают перекисное окисление липидов, повреждение мембран, нарушение структуры ДНК и органелл микроорганизмов [3,4]. Метод ФКАВ ассоциирован с переходом под действием света валентного электрона в зону проводимости фотокаталитического материала, в результате чего также образуются АФК, преимущественно гидроксильные радикалы (•OH), в водной среде играющие роль дырок и приводящие к окислению биологических молекул [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Derivatives of Natural Chlorophylls as Agents for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

“…Ammonium or pyridinium groups are incorporated into such pigments to give them greater antimicrobial activity due to a positive charge on the nitrogen atom. Recently, a number of review articles have been published on the subject of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy [43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. Our review focuses exclusively on the application of natural chlorin derivatives.…”