Natural extracts as biological smear layer removing agents: A literature review

Zeid, Sawsan T. Abu; Bastawy, Hagar A.; Saleh, Abeer A. Mokeem

doi:10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_125_21

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Moreover, the magnification power used in the current study was 1,000 x while that in the previous study was 2,000 x. Additionally, different scoring systems were used to assess "smear layer removal", such as Zmener et al, 2005 [31] scoring system used in this study and Hülsmann et al, 1997 [70] scoring system used in the previous study. Our findings can be interpreted by the fact that the "smear layer" cannot be completely removed from the apical third, due to the presence of sclerotic dentin in the apical part of the canal impeding the irrigants' flow [49,71] and larger width of the canal at the "coronal and middle thirds" in comparison to the "apical third", that is the narrowest area, allowing higher flow of the irrigants [21,72,73] . Within the control group, there was "no significant difference" in "smear layer" score between "the apical and middle thirds", while "the coronal third" showed significantly lower "smear layer" score "than the middle and apical thirds", which is in accordance with Dal Bello et al, 2019 [69] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Moreover, NaOCl has a powerful effect even in noninstrumented areas. On the other hand, NaOCl cannot remove the "smear layer" as evident in the current literature [48,49] . 17% EDTA is the most popular chelating agent used as a final irrigant, which has a powerful capacity to remove the "smear layer".…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…17% EDTA is the most popular chelating agent used as a final irrigant, which has a powerful capacity to remove the "smear layer". However, it has a limited capacity to promote bacterial reduction, is cytotoxic, causes extensive changes in the dentinal structure and is still a pollutant after it is made [49] . Glycolic acid as a single irrigant shows superior antibacterial efficacy as it has low pH, high solubility, and its derivatives are employed in the production of antibiotics [27,36] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of glycolic acid as single irrigant versus sodium hypochlorite and EDTA on enterococcus faecalis count and smear layer removal in single-rooted teeth (an in vitro study)

El-desoki,

Sadek,

Morsy

2023

Int. J. Appl. Dent. Sci.

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The study aimed to compare 10% Glycolic acid as a single irrigant versus 2.5% sodium hypochlorite followed by 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in terms of E. faecalis count reduction and smear layer removal in single-rooted teeth. Methodology: Thirty human extracted mandibular premolars were prepared and inoculated with E. faecalis for one week to evaluate E. faecalis count reduction. Teeth were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 15) according to the irrigation protocol used. Group I: intervention (10% Glycolic acid) and Group II: Control group (Irrigation using 2.5% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA). After 24 hours of incubation, bacterial count reduction using colony forming units CFUs/ml was determined. For evaluating the ability of irrigants to remove the smear layer, another twenty-two mandibular premolars were chosen and randomized into two groups (n = 11). During "chemo-mechanical" preparations, the root canals were irrigated with different irrigation protocols according to each group. Then, the roots were split longitudinally in the bucco-lingual direction into two halves. A smear layer assessment was conducted on the "coronal, middle, and apical thirds" of the root canal using an Environmental Scanning-Electron Microscope (ESEM) at 1000x magnification. Results: Regarding E. Faecalis count reduction, there was "no significant" difference between the two groups (p = 0.14). Regarding the ability to remove the "smear layer", there was no significant difference between the two groups at coronal, middle and apical. While comparing smear layer scores within the same group, the "apical third" showed a significantly higher smear layer score in the two groups. Conclusion: Glycolic acid can be used as a single irrigant owing to its antibacterial efficacy and the ability to remove the smear layer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of glycolic acid as single irrigant versus sodium hypochlorite and EDTA on enterococcus faecalis count and smear layer removal in single-rooted teeth (an in vitro study)

El-desoki,

Sadek,

Morsy

2023

Int. J. Appl. Dent. Sci.

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Effect of collagen cross-linking agents on the depth of penetration of bioceramic sealer and release of hydroxyproline: An in vitro study

Reddy,

Swetha,

Priya

et al. 2024

Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics

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Context: During endodontic treatment, sealers seal off dentinal tubules and prevent microbial attack. Bioceramic sealers have excellent bioactivity, but its high alkalinity is found to have detrimental effects on radicular collagen. Collagen cross linkers have the ability to chemically modify collagen and can prevent the detrimental effects of the sealer. Aim: This research was aimed to assess the effect of collagen cross-linking agents on the integrity of radicular collagen matrix and depth of penetration of sealer. Materials and Methods: Mandibular premolars (n = 48) were taken. Teeth were decoronated; canals were prepared till ProTaper size F2 and were irrigated with 5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl, followed by 3 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid between instrumentation and finally rinsed with saline following which teeth were divided into three groups based on the surface treatments: Group 1: 6.5% proanthocyanin (PA), Group 2: chlorhexidine (CHX), and Group 3: saline. Teeth were obturated using gutta-percha and bioceramic sealer and stored in artificial saliva. Hydroxyproline (HYP) release was assessed after 14 and 21 days using spectrophotometer. Sealer penetration was assessed using the scanning electron microscope. Statistical Analysis: Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal–Wallis test for release of HYP and paired t-test and ANOVA for sealer penetration were performed. Results: Significantly lower release of HYP was seen in proanthocyanin-treated group. Sealer penetration was better for both the proanthocyanin- and CHX-treated groups when compared to saline. Conclusion: Surface treatment with collagen cross-linkers caused a decrease in the amount of HYP released, indicating lesser degradation of collagen. Sealer penetration was better due to the removal of smear layer following the surface treatments.

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Natural extracts as biological smear layer removing agents: A literature review

Cited by 2 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of glycolic acid as single irrigant versus sodium hypochlorite and EDTA on enterococcus faecalis count and smear layer removal in single-rooted teeth (an in vitro study)

Effect of glycolic acid as single irrigant versus sodium hypochlorite and EDTA on enterococcus faecalis count and smear layer removal in single-rooted teeth (an in vitro study)

Effect of collagen cross-linking agents on the depth of penetration of bioceramic sealer and release of hydroxyproline: An in vitro study

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