Naphthylamine–Rhodamine-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for the Determination of Pd²⁺ Ions

Abstract

A naphthylamine-rhodamine hybrid ratiometric and colorimetric fluorescent probe (RN) was designed and synthesized. RN can identify Pd(2+) ions with high selectivity and sensitivity. Furthermore, the probe can be used to monitor Pd(2+) ions in live mice by fluorescence imaging.

A new Rhodamine B-based ‘on–off’ chemical sensor with high selectivity and sensitivity toward Fe3+ and its imaging in living cells

“…[26][27][28][29][30][31] Moreover, it is well known that rhodamine derivatives with a spirolactam structure are non-fluorescent; however, when rhodamine derivatives bind to metal ions or protons, ring-opened amides give rise to strong fluorescence emission. [32][33][34][35] On the basis of this interpretation, researchers have synthesized a series of rhodamine derivatives that can be used as fluorescence turn-on chemosensors for the detection metal ions, such as Hg 2+ , Cu 2+ , Sn 2+ , Cr 3+ , Sn 4+ and Pb 2+ . [36][37][38][39][40]26,41,42 Although, many rhodamine based sensors for Fe 3+ have been reported, 43,44 only few of them have been applied in biological systems for the detection of Fe 3+ .…”

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural modified rhodamine B dual-function derivative: Highly sensitive and selective optical detection of pH and Cu2+

“…7, the fluorescence pH titration of RBF exhibited that the fluorescence intensity of RBF were gradually increased about 41-fold within the pH range from 7.50 to 3.73 with a pKa value of 5.02 and linearly proportional (R = 0.9924) to pH values in the range from 4.40 to 5.30. The relative fluorescence quantum yields in acidic condition (pH = 4.50) were determined to be 0.30 with rhodamine B (U F = 0.97) in ethanol as a standard and calculated using the following equation [61].…”

A novel rhodamine-based fluorescent probe for the fluorogenic and chromogenic detection of Pd2+ ions and its application in live-cell imaging

“…Recently, considerable efforts have been made to develop fluorescent probe for Pd 2+ based on the coordination of Pd 2+ to heteroatom-based ligands [27], Pd 2+ catalyzed depropargylation and deallylation reaction [28][29][30][31][32][33][34], Pd 2+ catalyzed C-I cleavage reaction [35,36], Pd 2+ catalyzed oxidative cyclization reaction [37], and Pd 2+ catalyzed ring-opening reaction [38][39][40][41][42][43] (Fig. 1).…”

“…The rhodamine framework is an ideal model for constructing excellent 4 fluorescent probe for Pd 2+ detection. Thus, a few rhodamine-based probes have been reported by the development of suitable Pd 2+ coordinated ligands [38][39][40][41][42][43]. However, some of such receptors are found to be interference by other coexisting metal ions.…”