Nanoantenna Infrared Detectors

Bean, Jeffrey A.; Tiwari, B.; Szakmany, Gergo P.; Bernstein, Gary H.; Fay, Patrick; Porod, Wolfgang

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1011-0_3

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Along with the various forms of the substrate configurations, electrical leads may also contribute to the device performance radiation pattern as well as the polarization characteristics [ 46 ]. Due to their long size and large width compared to the antenna, however, they are believed to have no significant impact if proper electrical leads configuration is set together with a non-thermal sensitive element such as the MOM diode [ 47 ]. The influence of the leads on the polarization response of the ACMOMDs has been presented through different configurations of electrical leads as shown in Figure 4 [ 46 ].…”

Section: Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned earlier, antenna current distribution will be influenced by surface resistance and the Coleman effect. While the former is due to the skin effect on metal strips, the latter is the current exponential attenuation as a result of phase velocity changes at the air-dielectric interface through its propagation along the antenna length [ 47 ]. The attenuation constant for surface resistance

is given by:

where

is the imaginary part of the complex index of refraction of the antenna metal.…”

Section: Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effective antenna aperture, which is of the order of

[ 62 ], will then represent the effective irradiance area of the detector. Low achievable normalized detectivity stems from the lack of collection efficiency due to that small effective area, which is measured in the case of a

half-wavelength dipole to be around

[ 47 ].…”

Section: Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nano-Antenna Coupled Infrared Detector Design

Mubarak

Sidek

Abdel‐Rahman

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Since the 1940s, infrared (IR) detection and imaging at wavelengths in the two atmospheric windows of 3 to 5 and 8 to 14 μm has been extensively researched. Through several generations, these detectors have undergone considerable developments and have found use in various applications in different fields including military, space science, medicine and engineering. For the most recently proposed generation, these detectors are required to achieve high-speed detection with spectral and polarization selectivity while operating at room temperature. Antenna coupled IR detectors appear to be the most promising candidate to achieve these requirements and has received substantial attention from research in recent years. This paper sets out to present a review of the antenna coupled IR detector family, to explore the main concepts behind the detectors as well as outline their critical and challenging design considerations. In this context, the design of both elements, the antenna and the sensor, will be presented individually followed by the challenging techniques in the impedance matching between both elements. Some hands-on fabrication techniques will then be explored. Finally, a discussion on the coupled IR detector is presented with the aim of providing some useful insights into promising future work.

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Section: Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

is given by:

where

is the imaginary part of the complex index of refraction of the antenna metal.…”

Section: Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effective antenna aperture, which is of the order of

half-wavelength dipole to be around

[ 47 ].…”

Section: Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nano-Antenna Coupled Infrared Detector Design

Mubarak

Sidek

Abdel‐Rahman

et al. 2018

Sensors

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“…In recent years, metal–insulator–metal (MIM) structures have received considerable attention for applications in various electronic and optoelectronic devices such as energy harvesting, − high-frequency infrared detectors, − high frequency mixers, − and switching and static memory based devices. , The MIM diode must ideally display current–voltage ( I – V ) characteristics with high nonlinearity, high sensitivity, high asymmetry, and low turn-on voltage . The quantum based tunneling mechanism for electrons in MIM diodes facilitates rectification at near-infrared, visible light, or ultravisible light frequency. , There are other diodes with fast response time, such as Schottky diodes, but they are frequency limited to far-infrared .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of ZnO Langmuir–Blodgett Film and Its Use in Metal–Insulator–Metal Tunnel Diode

et al. 2016

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Metal–insulator–metal tunnel diodes have great potential for use in infrared detection and energy harvesting applications. The quantum based tunneling mechanism of electrons in MIM (metal–insulator–metal) or MIIM (metal–insulator–insulator–metal) diodes can facilitate rectification at THz frequencies. In this study, the required nanometer thin insulating layer (I) in the MIM diode structure was fabricated using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. The zinc stearate LB film was deposited on Au/Cr coated quartz, FTO, and silicon substrates, and then heat treated by varying the temperature from 100 to 550 °C to obtain nanometer thin ZnO layers. The thin films were characterized by XRD, AFM, FTIR, and cyclic voltammetry methods. The final MIM structure was fabricated by depositing chromium/nickel over the ZnO on Au/Cr film. The current voltage (I–V) characteristics of the diode showed that the conduction mechanism is electron tunneling through the thin insulating layer. The sensitivity of the diodes was as high as 32 V–1. The diode resistance was ∼80 Ω (at a bias voltage of 0.78 V), and the rectification ratio at that bias point was about 12 (for a voltage swing of ±200 mV). The diode response exhibited significant nonlinearity and high asymmetry at the bias point, very desirable diode performance parameters for IR detection applications.

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“…The use of dissimilar metals produces an asymmetric, non-linear I-V characteristic, resulting in a net current when rectifying. In this work, platinum and titanium have been used in order to maximize the difference in work function between the metals, although there are other alternative combinations [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Metal-Oxide-Metal (MOM) Diode Performance Via the Optimization of the Oxide Layer

Dodd

Shenton

Gallant

et al. 2015

Journal of Elec Materi

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2015) 'Improving metal-oxide-metal (MOM) diode performance via the optimization of the oxide layer.', Journal of electronic materials., 44 (5). pp. 1361-1366.Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-015-3624-9Publisher's copyright statement:The nal publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-015-3624-9.Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details.

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Nanoantenna Infrared Detectors

Cited by 10 publications

References 82 publications

Nano-Antenna Coupled Infrared Detector Design

Nano-Antenna Coupled Infrared Detector Design

Fabrication and Characterization of ZnO Langmuir–Blodgett Film and Its Use in Metal–Insulator–Metal Tunnel Diode

Improving Metal-Oxide-Metal (MOM) Diode Performance Via the Optimization of the Oxide Layer

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