"My Hurts": Hospitalized Young Children's Perceptions of Acute Pain

Woodgate, Roberta Lynn; Kristjanson, Linda J.

doi:10.1177/104973239600600204

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…According to systems theory, changes in one family member affect all family members (Wright & Leahey, 2000). The present study, like others (Cleary et al, 1986;Runeson et al, 2002;Woodgate & Kristjanson, 1996), shows that parents play an important role during the child's hospitalization and therefore need support from the staff so they in turn can support their child and help to satisfy his or her needs (Hopia, Tomlinson, Paavilainen, & Åstedt-Kurki, 2005;Koenig, Chesla, & Kennedy, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Needs of Young Children With Cancer During Their Initial Hospitalization: An Observational Study

Björk

Nordström

Hallström

2006

J Pediatr Oncol Nurs

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The aim of this study was to describe young (under the age of 7) children's needs as expressed by their behavior, body language and verbal expression through observations during their initial hospitalization after being diagnosed with cancer. Twelve children under the age of seven were followed during 26 hours with non-participant unstructured observations. Field notes were written after each observation and transcribed into a narrative text, which was analyzed by content analysis at both manifest and latent level. Five themes were identified, of which "need to have the parent close by" was the most prominent. The other themes were "need to play and feel joy," "need for participation in care and treatment," "need for a good relationship with the staff," and "need for physical and emotional satisfaction." The results indicate that the children needed their parents and the parents' presence helped the children to express other needs. Professionals need to support the child and his or her parents so that the parents in their turn can support and alleviate their child's hospitalization and cancer treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Needs of Young Children With Cancer During Their Initial Hospitalization: An Observational Study

Björk

Nordström

Hallström

2006

J Pediatr Oncol Nurs

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“…Young (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7) years) children's experiences of care practices that relieve pain have been investigated [29], and four categories of practices were identified: mum and dad being with me, doing things that help, doing things not to hurt, and 'letting me do it'. The presence of parents was what the children perceived as most important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Important aspects of care and assistance for children 0–7 years of age being treated for cancer

Essén

Enskär

Haglund

et al. 2002

Support Care Cancer

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Aspects of care and assistance that are important for children aged 0-7 years who are being treated for cancer were examined. Parents ( N=57) and nurses ( N=59) were asked: "What caring aspects are important in ensuring that your child/the child feels cared for?" and "What help, if any, does your child/the child need outside the hospital?". Data were analysed by content analysis. The following aspects of care were identified: amusement, clinical competence, continuity, emotional support, family participation, honest communication, information, participation in decision making, satisfaction of basic needs, social competence, the parents are well cared for, and time. Parents most frequently mentioned social competence and amusement, while nurses most frequently mentioned continuity and information. The following aspects of assistance were identified: accessible care, amusement, emotional support, family life, meeting friends, normal life, practical support, rehabilitation and school support. At least a third of the children did not need any assistance, according to parents and nurses. Parents most frequently mentioned family life, meeting friends and practical support. Nurses most frequently mentioned normal life and family life. Taken together, the results indicate that not only a family but many more people need to be involved to help children with cancer to be cured not only in a biological but also a psychosocial sense.

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“…Woodgate and Kristjanson (1996a) identified monitoring and comforting as two principle categories of care provided by parents staying with their hospitalized child. Children reported a preference for parents to maintain a level of closeness relative to how they were feeling at the time (Woodgate & Kristjanson, 1996b). This ranged from sitting beside the child, touching the child and embracing the child.…”

Section: Application Of Attachment Theory To Child Life Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Place for Attachment Theory in Child Life Programming: The Potential to Assess the Quality of Parent–child Relationships

Turner

2005

Child Youth Care Forum

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Child Life Specialists (CLS) working in pediatric health care settings provide programs designed to reduce the stress and anxiety associated with hospitalization and illness for children and families. Assessment in child life practice typically includes attention to a range of variables found to influence the response of children and families to the stressors of hospitalization. With roots in observations of early separation experiences, attachment theory may serve as an appropriate framework from which CLS may clarify the central role of the parent-child relationship to the well being of the child. Recognition of distinctions among secure, avoidant and resistant attachment relationships can inform child life assessment and interventions designed to address the specific needs of the child and family.KEY WORDS: child life; assessment; attachment theory; hospitalization.Over the last 40 years, the need to maximize positive outcomes and minimize stressors associated with illness and hospitalization for children and families has become an expectation in pediatric health care. As a result, a transition in the philosophy of care and the inclusion of Child Life programs is evident in many pediatric hospital facilities across North America. Trained in research and theory from the fields of human growth and development and family systems, Child Life Specialists (CLS) use play as the primary mode for the provision of unique services designed to meet the needs of children and their families experiencing hospitalization. Research results indicate the potential for the hospitalization of young children to be a stressful experience due to the child's age, separation from his/her parent, the discontinuity of caregiving provided in the hospital and the frightening and unfamiliar nature of hospital procedures (Hä gglöf, 1999; Correpondence should be directed to

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"My Hurts": Hospitalized Young Children's Perceptions of Acute Pain

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Needs of Young Children With Cancer During Their Initial Hospitalization: An Observational Study

Needs of Young Children With Cancer During Their Initial Hospitalization: An Observational Study

Important aspects of care and assistance for children 0–7 years of age being treated for cancer

A Place for Attachment Theory in Child Life Programming: The Potential to Assess the Quality of Parent–child Relationships

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