Distressing events for children with cancer (N = 121), 0 to 19 years of age, were investigated. Data were gathered through interviews with 50 children, 65 parents, and 118 nurses. Each participant was asked: "Has there been any especially distressing event for you/your child/the child with regard to disease and treatment?" Data were analyzed by content analysis. The categories that emerged from the analysis were grouped into a physical and an emotional dimension. The most frequently mentioned aspects of distress referred to the physical dimension: pain resulting from diagnostic procedures and treatments, nausea, and fatigue. The most frequently mentioned physical aspect of distress was, for children 0 to 3, 4 to 7, and 8 to 12 years of age, pain resulting from diagnostic procedures and treatments, and for children > or =13 years of age, nausea. The most frequently mentioned aspects of distress referred to the emotional dimension were categorized as confinement, feeling of alienation, and worry before medical procedures. The most frequently mentioned emotional aspect of distress was, for children 0 to 3 years of age, confinement; 4 to 7 years of age, feeling of alienation; 8 to 12 years of age, worry about death; and > or =13 years of age, changed appearance. For children 0 to 3, 4 to 7, and > or =13 years of age, aspects of distress of a physical character were mentioned most frequently. For children 8 to 12 years of age, aspects of distress of an emotional character were mentioned most frequently.

The aims of this study were to describe: patient experiences of and nurse perceptions of patient experiences of forced medication before, during and after forced medication; patient and nurse perceptions of alternatives to forced medication; and whether patients, according to patients and nurses, retrospectively approved of forced medication. Eleven patients and nurses were interviewed about a certain situation of forced medication. Data were analysed by content analysis. The findings demonstrate that forced medication evokes a number of patient experiences according to patients and nurses. These are related to the disease, the situation of being forcibly medicated and the drug. Patients mentioned several alternatives to the forced medication, whereas nurses mentioned no alternatives. A minority of the patients, and not as many patients as the nurses' thought, retrospectively approved of the use of forced medication. It can be concluded that patients and nurses do not share the same perceptions about what patients experience when forcibly medicated.

Abstract:This study examined the association of religiosity, sexual education and family structure with risky sexual behaviors among adolescents and young adults. The nationally representative sample, from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth, included 3,168 women and men ages 15-21 years. Those who viewed religion as very important, had frequent church attendance, and held religious sexual attitudes were 27-54% less likely to have had sex and had significantly fewer sex partners than peers. Participants whose formal and parental sexual education included abstinence and those from two-parent families were 15% less likely to have had sex and had fewer partners.

Entrance doors at wards where psychiatric care is provided are sometimes locked, which is not the case at wards where somatic care is provided. How locked entrance doors at psychiatric wards are experienced by patients has been investigated to a very limited extent. The aim was to describe voluntarily admitted patients' perceptions of advantages and disadvantages about being cared for on a psychiatric ward with a locked entrance door. Audio-taped, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 patients voluntarily admitted at psychiatric wards. Content analysis revealed six categories of advantages and 11 categories of disadvantages. Most advantages were categorized as "protects patients and staff against 'the outside' ", "provides patients with a secure and efficient care" and "provides staff with a sense of control over the patients". Most disadvantages were categorized as "makes patients feel confined", "makes patients feel dependent on the staff" and "makes patients feel worse emotionally". Patients perceive a variety of advantages and disadvantages, for themselves, their visitors and staff, connected to locked entrance doors at psychiatric wards. A locked door may make the ward appear as both a prison and a sanctuary. It is important that staff try to minimize patients' concerns connected to the locked door.

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It is important for staff working within psychiatric care to reflect upon the fact that a locked entrance door is connected with a range of negative as well as positive perceptions and to minimize patient and own concerns connected to the locked door.

The purpose of this study was to determine the main and interactive effects of religiosity, gender, and language preference acculturation on sexual activity among 570 Latino/a adolescents from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Results indicated that adolescents who viewed religion as very important, had frequent church attendance, and had more traditional attitudes on sexuality were less likely ever to have sex compared with adolescents who were less religious. Those with frequent church attendance and high traditional attitudes had fewer lifetime and recent sex partners. Unassimilated religious youth were less likely ever to have sex, had fewer lifetime and recent sexual partners, and a later age of sexual debut. Females were less likely to have had sex, had fewer recent and lifetime partners, and had a later age of coital debut than males. Religiosity had a healthy dampening of sexual activity among Latino/a adolescents and, in particular, among those who were less assimilated.

This adaptation of Theater of the Oppressed was an effective way to interact with Latino adolescents. In a safe setting, participants vicariously experienced TDV, which facilitated self-reflection and cognitive rehearsal strategies to respond nonviolently to TDV.