Mutagenic Substances in the Human Environment

Barthelmess, Alfred

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-85874-1_3

Cited by 23 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Wuu andGrant, 1966 Mutations Sobel, 1974;Vogel, 197 1 Tazima and Onimaru, 1974 Chromosome aberrations Barthelmess, 1970Micronucleus test Schmid, 1975Heddle, 1973 Chromosome aberrations Barthelmess, 1970Mutations Chu. 1972Clive, 1974 DNA fragmentation Laishes andStich, 1973a Brewen, 1945 statistically significant.…”

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Invitation Paper: The Search for Relevant Short Term Bioassays for Chemical Carcinogens: The Tribulation of a Modern Sisyphus

Stich¹,

Lam²,

Lo³

et al. 1975

Can. J. Genet. Cytol.

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Based on a good correlation between carcinogenicity and mutagenic activity several rapid microbial bioassays for chemical carcinogens have been recently developed. We would like to suggest, that these microbial tests should be followed by bioassays using cultured human cells of the "average" man, and of persons with elevated cancer risk or increased susceptibility to carcinogenic agents. The main objective of using DNA repair (unscheduled uptake of 3HTdR) and DNA fragmentation (shift in sedimentation profiles) of cultured human cells was to design a test system that can simulate conditions found in man and thus provide information relevant to the human population. A trial on 98 different carcinogens, precarcinogens and noncarcinogens showed the suitability of DNA repair synthesis as a rapid, economic and relevant assay for detection of chemical carcinogens. To check the adaptability of DNA repair synthesis of human cells as a bioassay for chemical carcinogens we examined carcinogenic nitrosation products which are formed from the interaction of nitrite and nitrosatable compounds, carcinogenic or mutagenic photosensitizing chemicals, and the effect of complex interactions. Organotropic carcinogens can be detected by measuring DNA fragmentation and DNA repair in various target organs following the in vivo application of chemical carcinogens. The pros and cons of several bioassays and their usefulness in judging a carcinogenic or mutagenic hazard to human populations is discussed.

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confidence: 99%

Invitation Paper: The Search for Relevant Short Term Bioassays for Chemical Carcinogens: The Tribulation of a Modern Sisyphus

Stich¹,

Lam²,

Lo³

et al. 1975

Can. J. Genet. Cytol.

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“…In general, "mutation" is taken to mean every kind of unexpected change in the genetic material which is not due to Mendelian recombination or crossing over. 7 Since the genetic material and hereditary processes are similar in all living organisms, it is reasonable to expect that chemicals found mutagenic in non-mammalian test systems could have genetic consequences for humans. Although mutation of somatic cells can have serious health consequences, the effect of mutation in germ cells is a more insidious and potentially more dangerous long-term problem.…”

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confidence: 99%

Chemical mutagenesis: an emerging issue for public health.

Claxton¹,

Barry²

1977

Am J Public Health

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Chemical mutagens are recognized as prevalent in the environment and a potential threat to the health of future generations. This paper presents an overview of chemical mutagenesis as an issue for public health. Several problems in the determination of risk to human populations are discussed, includingIn the last decade we have become painfully aware that our burgeoning technology has produced some highly undesirable side effects. The increasing prevalence of toxic substances in the environment has become a matter of public interest as a complex public health problem. To date the federal government has been concerned primarily with toxicity and carcinogenicity as targets for regulation, but the recently passed Toxic Substances Control Act authorizes the regulation of mutagenic agents.' Regulatory decisions for the control of mutagenic substances are extraordinarily complex due to the difficulty of extrapolating the scientific data to humans, the long period of latency between exposure and adverse recognizable damage, the lack of public awareness of mutagenesis as a threat to health, and the huge number of chemicals in use whose mutagenic status is unknown. It is the purpose of this paper to summarize some information on mutagenesis in the context of public health, with the hope of stimulating discussion of this complex issue among public health professionals.Mutagenic agents cause changes in the existing genetic material. Because mutations in reproductive cells may be carried in the recessive state through several generations, effects of mutagenic agents are likely to be hidden for decades. Specific agents may never be associated with specific

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“…Bartholmess (78), in his survey of chemical mutagens in the environment, has listed carbon tetrachloride as a chromosome breaking agent.…”

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confidence: 99%