Chemical mutagenesis: an emerging issue for public health.

Claxton, Larry D.; Barry, Patricia Z.

doi:10.2105/ajph.67.11.1037

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…Selective test ing of suspect chemical agents should be guided by knowledge of structure and me tabolism, electrophilic reactivity of each compound and metabolites, genetic ef fects and extent of human exposure. [48][49][50][51][52] There is a high degree of correlation qualitatively between mutagenic and car cinogenic activity as revealed in a wide variety of in vitro assay systems. A meth od that has attracted considerable interest uses several Salmonella typhimurium his tidine-dependent tester strains engineered by Ames and McCann@53.54 although other bacteria, fungi, plants, insects and mammalian cells are also being used.…”

Section: Workplace Exposureto Known or Suspected Carcinogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcinogens in the Workplace

Schottenfeld

Haas

1979

CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians

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When international age-adjusted cancer incidence rates first became available in the early 1960's, patterns prevalent in the low risk countries of Africa and Asia were compared by Higginsonâ€•2 with those pre vailing in the United States' white popula tion or in the western European countries. The total incidence of cancer in a hypo thetical population at minimal risk was calculated by summating the lowest age adjusted rate for each site from the most appropriate country. Ugandans, Nige rians, and the South African blacks, for example, were at lowest risk for cancers of the lung, stomach, large intestine, cor pus uteri and kidney. The Singapore regis try recorded the lowest rates for cancers of the pancreas, urinary bladder and breast. Conversely, the rate for primary hepato 54-60,and 8:3, 107-119, 1978.The article was originally titled: â€oe¿ The Workplaceas a Cause of Cancer,â€•and appeared in two parts. cellular carcinoma was highest in Mozam bicans and in the South African blacks, whereas it was lowest in the United States white and black populations. Carcinoma of the nasopharynx was highest in Singa pore. Higginson estimated that the age adjusted cancer incidence in the hypothet ical population at minimal risk was one fifteenth of that in the males, and one ninth of that in the females of high risk countries. A preliminary analysis indi cated that the hypothetical cancer inci dence was one-third of that observed in the United States white population. From these geographical differences, it was pos tulated that 70-90 percent of human can cers are likely to be due to environmental factors and, by implication, preventable after extrinsic factors are identified.Studies of various migrant populations have measured shifts in cancer mortality and incidence as groups move from one part of the world to the other. If genetic factors were primarily responsible for the international differences in risk, then the prevailing rates among population groups that migrate should remain relatively fixed. However, the evidence to date in dicates that the risks of cancer in organs of the digestive (i.e., stomach and large intestine) and reproductive (i.e., breast, corpus uteri and ovary) systems were dis placed from the rates prevailing in the country of origin toward those experi enced by indigenous residents of the host country.3

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Section: Workplace Exposureto Known or Suspected Carcinogensmentioning

confidence: 99%