Potential hazards of fumigant residues.

Fishbein, Lawrence

doi:10.1289/ehp.761439

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Epoxides and phosphines have strong cell toxic effects: Ethylene oxide (EO) is used for sterilization of various materials (textiles, medical supplies, etc.) because of its antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal effects [44,45]). These effects are caused by the alkylation of DNA and RNA strands of organisms by the EO, which irreversibly inhibits cellular metabolism [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin Degradable Coatings for Optimization of Osteointegration Associated with Simultaneous Infection Prophylaxis

et al. 2019

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One of the most common causes of implant failure is aseptic prosthesis loosening. Another frequent complication after prosthesis implant is the microbial colonization of the prosthesis surface, which often leads to a replacement of the prosthesis. One approach to reduce these complications is the application of bioactive substances to implant surfaces. Both an antibiotic prophylaxis and a faster osteointegration can be obtained by incorporation of bactericidal active metals in degradable calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings. In this study, thin degradable calcium phosphate ceramic coatings doped with silver (Ag), copper (Cu), and bismuth (Bi) on a titanium substrate were prepared with the aid of the high-velocity suspension flame spraying (HVSFS) coating process. To characterize the samples surface roughness, brightfield microscopy of the coatings, X-ray diffraction (XRD)-analysis for definition of the phase composition of the layers, Raman spectroscopy for determination of the phase composition of the contained metals, element-mapping for Cu-content verification, release kinetics for detection of metal ions and ceramic components of the coatings were carried out. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity of the coatings. For biocompatibility testing, growth experiments were performed using the cell culture line MG-63. Cell viability was investigated by Giemsa staining and live/dead assay. The WST-1 kit was used to quantify cell proliferation and vitality in vitro and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kit to quantify cytotoxicity. The formation of hydroxyapatite crystals in simulated body fluid was investigated to predict bioactivity in vivo. The Safe Airborne Antibacterial Assay with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was used for antimicrobial testing. The results showed good biocompatibility of all the metal doped CaP coatings, furthermore Cu and Ag doped layers showed significant antibacterial effects against S. aureus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin Degradable Coatings for Optimization of Osteointegration Associated with Simultaneous Infection Prophylaxis

et al. 2019

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“…Toxicological studies have indicated the undesirable nature of residues of some parent compounds, and since less is known of the effects of alteration products or metabolites, further studies are indicated (Fishbein 1976). Recent analytical work has demonstrated that organic bromides may remain associated with the commodity for some time after fumigation.…”

Section: Analysis and Significance Of Fumigant Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent analytical work has demonstrated that organic bromides may remain associated with the commodity for some time after fumigation. Toxicological studies have indicated the undesirable nature of residues of some parent compounds, and since less is known of the effects of alteration products or metabolites, further studies are indicated (Fishbein 1976).…”

Section: Analysis and Significance Of Fumigant Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Fumigants on Food Quality

Plimmer

1977

Journal of Food Safety

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Fumigants are used to prevent pest infestations in food and other stored commodities. The quality of the commodity may be affected by fumigant treatment in several ways. Residues of unchanged fumigant may remain in the commodity. Reaction of the individual chemical components of the commodity with the fumigant may alter its chemical or physical properties, thus resulting in changes in flavor, taste, odor, nutritional value or processing qualities. Methyl bromide, ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, carbon tetrachloride, phosphine and ethylene oxide are the major fumigants used for treatment of grains, vegetables and fruits. Their effects on food quality and the significance of residues in treated commodities are reviewed.

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