Multitasking FeOCN Composite as an Economic, Heterogeneous Catalyst for 1‐Octene Hydroformylation and Hydration Reactions

Abstract

A highly efficient multitasking FeOCN composite was synthesized in a single step by the fast heating of an Fe(III) salt and urea. The composite was confirmed by various spectroscopic and analytical techniques which include XRD, FTIR, Raman, FESEM, and XPS analysis. The composite was then investigated for various organic transformations and it was found to be excellent for the hydroformylation of 1‐octene in toluene under 50 bar syngas pressure at 95 °C. The composite was also found to be significantly active for the hydration reactions of alkynes and nitriles under acid‐ and base‐free conditions. The hydration reactions were performed in aqueous methanol at 120 °C and an excellent yield of regioselective products was obtained under optimized reaction conditions.

CO-free, aqueous mediated, instant and selective reduction of nitrobenzene via robustly stable chalcogen stabilised iron carbonyl clusters (Fe3E2(CO)9, E = S, Se, Te)

“…Iron complexes have been established as excellent catalysts for various organic transformations, our group has also exploited quite a few iron based organic transformations. 6,47 The literature encouraged us to investigate the catalytic activity of chalcogen-stabilized iron carbonyl complexes. This is the rst report which utilises Fe 3 E 2 (CO) 9 (E ¼ S, Se or Te) clusters for the reduction of nitrobenzene and its derivatives to their corresponding arylamines.…”

“…Many nitro reduction protocols using a combination of iron complexes and hydrazine hydrate have been published in the last few years. [47][48][49] This paper is designed to report a selective reduction of nitroarenes with hydrazine, catalysed by zero-valent Fe 3 Se 2 (CO) 9 and Fe 3 S 2 (CO) 9 carbonyl clusters. These clusters are robustly stable, insensitive towards air, moisture, water and sunlight, can be stored for a long time and can be easily synthesized on a large scale.…”

Phosphorus Ligands in Hydroformylation and Hydrogenation: A Personal Account

“…Reported iron (FeOCN) composite heterogeneous catalyst for the hydroformylation of olefins (Scheme 13). [106] FeOCN composite was readily synthesized by heating [Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ] and urea. The composite was found to be highly stable.…”

Polymeric Heterogeneous Catalysts in the Hydroformylation of Unsaturated Compounds

“…The range of insoluble carriers used in the processes was considerably expanded thereafter, and at present the main metal fi xing methods include: incorporation of metal nanoparticles into the structures of various materials [13,18]; fi xing the rhodium complexes in the structure of the material by intercalation [19]; encapsulation of phosphine or a phosphine complex into mesopores or nanopores of the carrier [20,21]; the sol-gel method, "grafting" of a phosphine-containing hydrocarbon radical onto the carrier surface, and other methods of covalent bonding of phosphine fragments on an inorganic, hybrid or organic substrate, wherein rhodium is subsequently introduced [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]; fi xing of phosphine or a phosphine complex on the surface by means of ionic interactions [29]; fi xing of catalysts soluble in polar liquids (water and ionic liquid) in the thin hydrophilic layer of the carrier, which most frequently is silica gel SAPC/SIPC (Supported Aqueous/Ionic Liquid Phase Catalysts) [30,31]; creation of structures containing single rhodium atoms, as per the "single atom" concept [32], such as the cases in which nano-objects (nanosheets and nanofi bers) made of cobalt oxide [33] or zirconium oxide [34] were obtained and their catalytic properties were studied. Heterogeneous modifi ed rhodium clusters [35] and an iron-based catalyst [36] are also reported to have been used.…”