The changes with time in the corrosion rate and corrosion current density on a cast iron electrode in various aqueous salt solutions have been carried out using total immersion test and potentiostatic polarization curves. The concentration of salts taken is expected to be present in potable water. The relative behaviour of these salts towards corrosion has also been studied, which is found to be different from previous studies. The total immersion test parameters viz. weight loss, corrosion rate as well as potentiostatic parameters, open circuit potential, I corr , Tafel slopes, corrosion rate, have been calculated by standard methods. Besides these the relative increase in corrosion rate with time as well as the percentage to which corrosion rate should be decreased so as to provide protection towards corrosion have also been calculated. It was found that KCl and NaCl are major contributors than MnSO 4 , Pb(NO 3) 2 , KI and KBr. The relative increase in corrosion is high in KBr, KI, NaNO 3 , CaCl 2 , and less in Pb(NO 3) 2 , NaHCO 3 and CaCO 3 test solutions. For the reliability of results the data has been statistically analysed.

In this study, a strongly feasible method for the reduction of nitrobenzene has been developed through highly stable and thermally robust iron chalcogenide carbonyl clusters Fe3E2(CO)9 (E = S, Se or Te).

No abstract

The effect of the concentration and nature of novel 3-hydroxy-3-(4-chlorophenyl-1-(4-sulphonato (sodium salt)) phenyl triazene (HCST) on corrosion and dezinfication of 70/30 brass in 0.5 M HNO 3 solution has been investigated by weight loss method. Inhibition efficiency of this corrosion inhibitor was also evaluated at different temperatures ranging from 303 K-333 K. It was observed that HCST showed 88.13% inhibition efficiency at 303 K up to 0.005 M concentration of inhibitor. Weight loss method has been used to analyze the corrosion behavior of the brass in the absence and presence of different concentrations of inhibitor. The corrosion inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration of inhibitor and decreases with rise in temperatures. Activation energy (E a ), enthalpy (∆H), entropy (∆S) and Gibbs free energy (∆G) for corrosion process have also been calculated. The adsorption behavior of HCST on brass surface has been found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Results reveal that hydroxytriazenes can be potential corrosion inhibitors.

White wares produced worldwide represent the foundation of much of the ceramic industry; Porcelain bodies fabricated from triaxial mixtures of clay, quartz and feldspar with different size and amounts of nano particles were investigated. Although the purity of raw materials has a strong effect on the colour of the fired bodies, the particle size of raw materials also effect the whiteness The raw material mining minerals china Clay, Feldspar, quarts were prepared of various sized nano particles contains 10. 60 -20.22%, 56.84-70.80 % and 34.87-50.76 % of 100nm respectively. The fired bodies of raw mining minerals and triaxial bodies were subjected to colour measurement. The differences in whiteness were compared and discussed. The studies so far carried out is upto 400 mesh size while the present study has included up to 100nm particle size. A statistical correlation between whiteness of feldspar and triaxial body was also carried out. The correlation between china clay and triaxial body are 0.53, 0.57 and 0.66 for china clay similarly correlation for feldspar is 0.49, 0.73 and 0.83 for triaxial body it are 0.97, 0.84 and 0.75 for A1, A2 and A3 samples. Correlation between china clay and feldspar with triaxial body are 0.79 and 0.92 respectively.

No abstract

Cryogenics is the study of the production of very low temperature (below −150°C, −238°F or 123K) and the behavior of materials at those temperatures. Similarly, cryogenic grinding is a term supported by the act of grinding a thing at very low temperature. This technique is generally used to grind the material, which contains heat labile constituents viz-volatile oils in seed spices. Due to high fat content in spices, heat is generated, while energy is used to fracture a particle into a smaller size in conventional grinding process. During the normal grinding process, this generated heat causes temperature rise of grinder upto 95 0 C. The increased temperature is responsible for a loss of volatile content in the tune of about 30% and also produces dark colour powder.Generally, continuous operation is not possible in normal grinding process due to melting of fat and sticking of powder on the grinding surface. The loss of volatile content can be significantly reduced by cryogenic grinding technique using liquid nitrogen or liquid carbon dioxide that provides the refrigeration needed to pre-cool the spices and maintain the desired low temperature by absorbing the heat generated during the grinding operation. The extremely low temperature during grinder condenses the volatile matter and retains their presence in spices. The application of cryogenic technology for grinding of spices has been scientifically proved to be a suitable technique with negligible loss of volatile content and improved colour of oil and grinding operation of seeds.

No abstract