First Pd(ii) complex of a novel (Se, CNHC, N−) type pincer ligand based on selenated NHC was synthesized and found to be very efficient in the catalysis of Mizoroki–Heck coupling of ArCl/Br and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of ArBr in water.

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A highly efficient multitasking FeOCN composite was synthesized in a single step by the fast heating of an Fe(III) salt and urea. The composite was confirmed by various spectroscopic and analytical techniques which include XRD, FTIR, Raman, FESEM, and XPS analysis. The composite was then investigated for various organic transformations and it was found to be excellent for the hydroformylation of 1‐octene in toluene under 50 bar syngas pressure at 95 °C. The composite was also found to be significantly active for the hydration reactions of alkynes and nitriles under acid‐ and base‐free conditions. The hydration reactions were performed in aqueous methanol at 120 °C and an excellent yield of regioselective products was obtained under optimized reaction conditions.

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In recent years, the progress of doped carbon catalysts (such as graphene-based nanocomposites), has attracted the tremendous attention of the scientific community because of their broad area of applications involving unique mechanical, electrical and industrial chemical production processes. The catalytic nature of metal.doped graphene-based nanocomposites has significantly improved, and provides alternatives to traditional transition metal-based catalysts. In addition, the progress of simple and easy synthetic approaches for graphene-based nanocomposites provides a wide range of opportunities for the synthesis of graphene-based nanocomposites via incorporating various metal or polymer-based nanomaterials for diverse applications. In this context, the recent development in the synthesis of graphene-based nanocomposites, their properties and applications are summarized in this chapter. The future insights and challenges towards the design and utilization of graphene-based nanocomposites with decent stability and enhanced catalytic performance are also outlined in this chapter.

Whereas thermal ground‐state solvolysis of the methanesulfonates from the diastereomeric alcohols (III) and (IV) (configuration assignments uncertain) proceeds with complete retention as is shown for (VI), excited‐state photosolvolysis leads to diastereomeric scrambling accompanied by hydride migration to yield (IX).