Multiple stressor effects of radiation and metals in salmon (Salmo salar)

Sublethal effects in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to mixtures of copper, aluminium and gamma radiation

“…The fish exposed to gamma þ metal are thus compared to fish exposed to the metal only. Previous studies by our group (Mothersill et al, 2007b;Salbu et al, 2008;Olsvik et al, 2010) have identified biological responses (e.g. gene expression and bystander effects) in salmon at these radiation levels, and other groups have identified various reproduction and morbidity effects in fish following chronic (i.e., >70 day) irradiation within these levels (see summaries of effect data in Andersson et al, 2008;ICRP, 2009).…”

Histological variations in liver of freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus exposed to 60Co gamma irradiation

“…Much new research in the area of cellular stress biology suggests that many toxins, including radiation, produce very different cellular effects at low doses as compared to high dose effects Baldwin, 2001, 2002). Effects of non-ionizing metals in combination with relatively low doses of ionizing radiation are receiving considerable attention at present (Mothersill et al, 2007;Salbu et al, 2008). Keys for understanding an environmental impact of multiple stressors are the understanding the mechanism of their interactions.…”

Effects of combined γ-irradiation and metal (Al+Cd) exposures in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

“…Biological effects in organisms inhabiting natural environment contaminated by multiple toxicants should be studied considering the multiple stressor exposures (Salbu et al, 2005). In toxicology, the scientific challenge is often described as the ''multiple stressor'' problem, referring to chronic-or low-dose exposures of organisms to mixtures of stressors that are not in themselves able to cause significant damage, but when acting in combination can cause deleterious effects on health or in the environment through additive or synergistic mechanisms (Mothersill et al, 2007). Sources contributing to radioactive contamination often include stable metals, and sometimes POPs.…”

“…Within environmental impact assessment and risk evaluations integrating concepts for multiple contaminants should therefore be highly beneficial. Effects of non-ionizing metals in combination with relatively low doses of ionizing radiation are receiving considerable attention at present (Mothersill et al, 2007;Salbu et al, 2008). Keys for understanding environmental impact of multiple stressors are the understanding the mechanism of their interactions.…”