Morphometric Assessment of the Proximal Portion of the Tibia in Dogs With and Without Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

Abstract

Based on the clinical observation that dogs with a steep tibial plateau slope had variable tibial morphology, we hypothesized that these dogs could be further characterized using measurements developed by examining computer generated models of specific proximal tibial malformations. A 3D tibial model was created from a normal canine tibia. The model was manipulated to reproduce two specific proximal tibial anomalies representing deformities originating from the tibial plateau or the proximal tibial shaft. Data from these models were used to create specific measurements that would characterize the shape of these anomalies. These measurements included the diaphyseal tibial axis (DTA)/proximal tibial axis (PTA) angle, which defined the orientation of the proximal portion of the shaft in relation to the tibial mid-shaft. These measurements were then made on radiographs of dogs with and without cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture. Models with tibial plateau and proximal shaft deformities had a steep tibial plateau slope (TPS). Models with proximal shaft deformity had a markedly increased DTA/PTA angle. The model with a 10 degree proximal shaft deformity had a DTA/PTA angle of 11.23 degrees. Six dogs (9.0%) had a DTA/PTA angle larger than 11.23 degrees (range, 11.4-13.9 degrees). Dogs in this group had ruptured CCL and a steep TPS. Dogs with CCL rupture had higher TPS (mean, 31.8 +/- 4.1 degrees) and DTA/PTA angle (mean, 6.0 +/- 3.3 degrees) than dogs without CCL rupture (means, 23.6 +/- 3.4 degrees and 4.1 +/- 2.2 degrees, respectively). Dogs with proximal shaft deformity represented a distinct group, which could not be identified using the magnitude of the TPS alone. Characterizing more precisely the shape of the proximal portion of the tibia in dogs contributes to our understanding of the pathogenesis of steep TPS and may facilitate the optimization of the surgical management of dogs with CCL rupture.

Use of the modified Insall Salvati method for determination of vertical patellar position in dogs with and without cranial cruciate ligament rupture considering the morphology of the cranio-proximal tibia

“…There is a relationship between the shape of the tibia and pathogenesis of CCLR (Osmond et al 2006). Most of the discussion is focused on the relationship of the tibial plateau slope and CCLR (Morris and Lipowitz 2001;Reif and Probst 2003;Zeltman et al 2005).…”

“…The patellar ligament length (PLL) was measured on the cranial aspect of the ligament, from the point of the origin of the ligament on the distal aspect of the patella to its insertion on the most cranio-proximal extent of the tibial tuberosity (Osmond et al 2006;Mostafa et al 2008) (Plate III, Fig. 2).…”

Influência do posicionamento radiográfico no cálculo interobservador do ângulo do platô tibial em cães

“…Várias são as etiologias da RLCCr, e a sua patogênese exata ainda não foi determinada, podendo ser causada por traumas, processos degenerativos (Vasseur et al, 1985), doenças autoimunes (Arnoczky, 1996) e uma inclinação excessiva do ângulo do platô tibial (Reif e Probst, 2003;Zeltzman et al, 2005;Osmond et al, 2006).…”

Principais Osteotomias Para O Tratamento Da Ruptura Do Ligamento Cruzado Cranial Em Cães – Revisão De Literatura

“…Atualmente, a lesão do ligamento cruzado cranial em cães está associada essencialmente a dois fatores que podem ser considerados juntos ou isoladamente: o ângulo de inclinação do platô da tíbia e a presença de uma enfermidade articular inflamatória crônica (luxação patelar; sinovite plasmocítica); além do mau alinhamento articular e instabilidade causada por desvios angulares, displasia coxo femoral e piso liso (SELMI e PADILHA-FILHO, 2001;OSMOND et al, 2006;DOOM et al, 2008;HOFER et al, 2009;INAUEN et al, 2009;SCHNABL et al, 2009;CLEMENTS et al, 2011).…”