Cinqüenta felinos hígidos, adultos - vinte e seis machos e vinte e quatro fêmeas - sem definição racial, com distintas idades, reunidos em dois grupos (GRUPO 1- animais domiciliados e GRUPO 2 - animais que rendados) de vinte e cinco animais cada. Após anamnese e prévia sedação, os gatos foram submetidos a exame físico e à otoscopia, comprovando-se a ausência de lesões meatais e timpânicas, com cureta de Buck e wragatoas estéreis, foi colhido material meatal, que foi então submetido a exames bacteriológico e micológico. No Grupo 1, foi evidenciado presença de Otodectes cynotis (4% das amostras), em 72% dos casos de bolores e leveduras (Cladosporium sp 66,6%, Malassezia sp 40%, Penicillium sp 33%, Aspergillus sp 33,3%, Rhodotorula sp 20,0%, Mycelia sp 13,3% e Alternaria sp, Aureobasidium sp, Ryzopus sp, Trichosporon sp, todos com 6,6%) e, finalmente, em 64% da amostragem, bactérias dos gêneros Staphylococcus spp (81,2%), Pseudomonas sp (12,5%), Klebsiella sp (12,5%), Acinetobacter sp, Bacilos difteróides, Enterobacter sp, Lactobacillus spp (todos com 6,2%). No Grupo 2, o Otodectes sp foi identificado em 36% das amostras, em 96% daquelas isolaram-se fungos dos gêneros: Malassezia sp - 54,1%, Aspergillus e Penicillium sp, ambos com 33,3%, Microsporum sp - 29,1%, Cladosporium sp - 16,6%, Trichoderma sp - 12,5%, Alternaria e Phoma sp, ambos com 8,3% e Epicoccum sp, Neurospora sp. Mycelia sp, Rhodotorula sp, todos com 4,1% e, por fim, em 20 das 25 amostras (80%) isolaram-se pelo menos uma cepa bacteriana (Staphylococcus spp 75%, Klebsiella sp 20,8%, Bacilos difteróides 12,5%, Pseudomonas sp, 8,3%) e Acinetobacter sp, Enterobacter sp e Escherichia sp, todos com 4,1% cada um em cultivo monoespecífico ou em associação.

Background: Vascular ring anomaly is considered a hereditary change. It occurs when the fourth right aortic arch persists instead of the fourth left aortic arch, forming a vascular ring that compress the esophagus causing esophageal dilatation cranial to the compression site. Diagnosis is based upon anamnesis, physical examination, clinical signs and complementary exams (radiograph, complete blood count and biochemical tests). The clinical treatment is inadequate, since the dilatation persists and tends to progress causing irreversible tissue injury. Surgical correction is indicated and consists of the arterial ligament resection and correction of the esophageal stenosis.Case: The objective of the current study is to report two case of persistence of right aortic arch in two cats referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria. On physical examination the patients were alert, in good nutritional status, adequately hydrated and presented normal colored mucous membranes. Each animal underwent radiog­raphy and esophagogram with barium sulphate. The exam demonstrated partial esophageal dilation cranial to the cardiac silhouette, suggestive of vascular ring anomaly. An exploratory thoracotomy was performed in order to achieve the definitive diagnosis. The arterial ligament was resected and esophageal stenosis corrected. Anesthesia, surgery and the postoperative period undergo without any complications. Patients remained hospitalized in the first 24 h for observation and were dis­charged after this period. Ten days surgery they returned for revaluation and removal of the skin suture. Four months after the surgical correction the animals underwent a new radiography and esophagogram examination. Radiographic findings evidenced persistence of esophageal dilation and narrowing of the esophageal lumen. Patients were evaluated periodically up to 10 months after surgery, verifying excellent quality of life and remission of clinical signs.Discussion: Vascular ring anomalies affects both dogs and cats, occurring more commonly in purebred dogs than in mixed breed. The literature reports cases in young Siamese and Persian cats, although the absolute numbers are insufficient to make conclusions about the racial predisposition. This case report enrolled two cases of PRAA in adult mixed breed cats (one male and one female from the same litter). Surgical correction is the recommended treatment for PRAA, either con­ventional or minimally invasive techniques. To assist the dissection of the fibrous ring and correction of esophageal stenosis we utilized a 22 Fr Foley catheter, introduced through the oral cavity to the esophageal stenotic area. The inflation of the balloon on the constricted area allows visualization of residual fiber rings and facilitates its dissection and removal. The PRAA mortality is associated with late diagnosis and the coexistence of aspiration pneumonia. Therefore, surgery should be performed as soon as possible after the onset of clinical signs, in order to reduce damage to the esophageal muscles and nerves. It is estimated that 80% of cases survived the postoperative period. In both cases, no clinical signs were observed, and there was a reduction of the esophageal diameter compared with the previous dilation, as well as better esophageal transit. Ten months after surgery, the animals returned for revaluation, presenting adequate body development and good quality of life. As shown in this case report, surgical intervention allowed for the accurate diagnosis and correction of PRAA in cats, with remission of clinical signs and full recovery of the animal.Keywords: cat, regurgitation, megaesophagus, thoracotomy, anomaly.

We aimed to reproduce the articular cartilage structural changes in a joint exposed to a metallic implant as in the adolescent pinned hip with persistent joint penetration and secondly, to test the effect of an interleukin inhibitor, diacerein (DAR) in the ensuing articular cartilage lesion. Twenty immature beagles were submitted to a surgical K-wire implantation in the hip with the material left in the joint space for 6 months. Twelve animals were sacrificed for histological and biochemical tests. Eight animals were sacrificed at 10 months (half of them treated with DAR) and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and biochemistry of the articular cartilage. Preoperative and monthly C3 and C4 complement and immunoglobulins serum levels were determined. The histological and the electrophoretic profile changes were significative at 6 months. At 10 months the migration profile (CaCl 2 ) recovered to normal levels in the operated hip and the SEM scores for the acetabulum were similar to the non operated control hip after treatment. The serum level of IgA was elevated at the 4th and 6th month postoperatively. The persistence of a metallic implant resulted in degenerative changes parallel to that described for hip chondrolysis as a complication of in-situ pinning; and the cartilage lesion improved with DAR treatment. ß

RUSSO, C.; IBAÑEZ, J. F. Utilização de pericárdio bovino conservado em glicerina 98% na herniorrafia perineal em cães -relato de 12 casos. Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR, Umuarama, v. 18, n. 3, p. 185-190, jul./set. 2015. RESUMO:A hérnia perineal é uma afecção de alta ocorrência na clínica de pequenos animais. A doença ocorre com maior frequência em cães machos, idosos e não castrados. A etiopatogenia é multifatorial e leva à atrofia da musculatura do diafragma pélvico. Os sinais clínicos dependem muito do conteúdo herniário. O diagnóstico é realizado pelo exame físico e exames complementares. O tratamento clínico é utilizado até o animal ter condição para realização do procedimento cirúrgico que é o de eleição. Várias técnicas cirúrgicas têm sido estudadas para diminuir os índices de recidiva. A utilização de membranas biológicas pode ser usada causando sustentação do diafragma pélvico atrofiado. O pericárdio bovino preservado é muito utilizado para falhas musculares e melhorar a sustentação de tecidos. Vários métodos de preservação de membranas têm sidos utilizados, com grande destaque para glicerina 98%. Foram avaliados 12 cães machos com hérnia perineal, na qual foi utilizado o pericárdio bovino conservado em glicerina 98% associado à técnica tradicional para a herniorrafia e orquiectomia pré-escrotal. Os cães sem raça definida foram os mais acometidos. Em cinco animais foram acometidos ambos os lados do diafragma pélvico. Somente um animal apresentou recidiva. O pericárdio bovino conservado em glicerina 98% possibilitou baixos índices de recidiva nos casos descritos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Biomaterial. Canino. Cirurgia. Diafragma pélvico. Hérnia. USE OF BOVINE PERICARDIUM PRESERVED IN 98% GLYCERINE IN PERINEAL HERNIORRHAPHY IN DOGS -12 CASE STUDIESABSTRACT: A perineal hernia is a condition of high occurrence in small animal clinics. The disease occurs more frequently in male, elderly and unneutered dogs. The pathogenesis is multifactorial, which leads to atrophy of the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm. Clinical signs depend much of the hernia contents. The diagnosis is made by physical examination and complementary tests. Clinical treatment is used until the animal presents condition for the surgical procedure, which is the election. Several surgical techniques have been studied to reduce the relapse rates. Biological membranes can be used to support the stunted pelvic diaphragm. The preserved bovine pericardium is widely used for muscle failure and to improve tissue support. Various membrane preservation methods have been used, with emphasis to 98% glycerin. A total of 12 male dogs with perineal hernia, in which the bovine pericardium preserved in 98% glycerin associated with the traditional technique of hernia repair and pre scrotal orchiectomy were evaluated. The mongrel dogs were the most affected. In five animals, both side of the pelvic diaphragm were affected. Only one animal had recurrence. The bovine pericardium preserved in 98% glycerin allowed low recurrence rates in the cases described. KEYWORDS: Biomate...

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

IBAÑEZ, J. F.; NOMURA, R. Principais osteotomias para o tratamento da ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial em cães -revisão de literatura. Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR, Umuarama, v. 17, n. 4, p. 253-260, out./dez. 2014. RESUMO:A ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial é a principal causa de claudicação do membro pélvico em cães. A causa da ruptura é multifatorial como processo degenerativo, inflamatório e traumático. Acomete principalmente cães de grande porte, não havendo predisposição sexual. O principal sinal clínico é a claudicação. Os testes de compressão tibial e de gaveta são realizados para o diagnóstico, associados à anamnese. As radiografias são importantes para avaliação do platô tibial e o diagnóstico de doença articular degenerativa. Muitas técnicas cirúrgicas podem ser utilizadas para o tratamento. Atualmente as osteotomias são as mais aceitas, devido a conformação anatômica do joelho canino. O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever as principais osteotomias para o tratamento da ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial em cães, relacionando as indicações e complicações de cada técnica. Conclui-se que existem várias técnicas de osteotomias para o tratamento da ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial, cada uma com suas indicações e complicações. Sendo de grande importância a medida do ângulo do platô tibial para a escolha da técnica a ser utilizada. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cão. Cirurgia. Estabilização dinâmica. Ortopedia. Tíbia. MAIN OSTEOTOMIES FOR TREATING RUPTURE OF THE CRANIAL CRUCIATE LIGAMENT IN DOGS - PRINCIPALES OSTEOTOMÍAS PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE RUPTURA DEL LIGAMENTO CRUZADO CRANEAL EN PERROS -REVISÍON DE LITERATURARESUMEN: La ruptura del ligamento cruzado craneal es la principal causa de claudicación del miembro pélvico en perros. La causa de la ruptura es multifactorial como proceso degenerativo, inflamatorio y traumático. Afecta principalmente perros grandes, no ocurriendo predisposición sexual. La principal señal clínica es la claudicación. Las pruebas de compresión tibial y la bandeja tibial se llevan a cabo para el diagnóstico, asociados a la anamnesis. Las radiografías son importantes para evaluación de la meseta tibial y el diagnóstico de la enfermedad degenerativa de las articulaciones. Muchas técnicas quirúrgicas pueden ser utilizadas para el tratamiento. Actualmente las osteotomías son las más aceptadas, debido la conformación anatómica de la rodilla canina. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido describir las principales osteotomías para el tratamiento de la rotura del ligamento cruzado craneal en perros, relacionando las indicaciones y complicaciones de cada técnica. Se concluye que hay varias técnicas de osteotomías para el tratamiento de la ruptura del ligamento cruzado craneal, cada uno con sus indicaciones y complicaciones. Es de gran importancia la medida del ángulo de la meseta tibial para la elección de la técnica a ser utilizada.

Rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament is the main cause of lameness in dogs. Several surgical techniques are used as a treatment, especially osteotomies, as the tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA). Recently new research are being conducted investigating ways to reduce bone healing time. Cancellous bone grafting is considered to be the gold standard method to speed healing due to its osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cancellous gone grafts on the time taken for consolidation at the osteotomy site in dogs undergoing TTA surgery. TTA surgery was performed in 19 stifles in which there was rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament and a tibial plateau angle less than 27 degrees. The cases were divided into two groups: dogs in the control group (C) had TTA only and for those in the study group (E) TTA was complimented with a cancellous bone graft. Serial radiographs were evaluated at 21 day intervals post-surgery and consolidation was confirmed by visual inspection by three observers (two radiologists and an orthopedic surgeon). There was no difference in consolidation time between Groups C and E. The addition of cancellous bone grafting to the osteotomy did not influence time to consolidation in dogs undergoing TTA surgery. Key words: Dog. Graft. Orthopedics. Bone repair. ResumoA ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial é a principal causa de claudicação em cães. Várias técnicas cirúrgicas são utilizadas como tratamento, principalmente as osteotomias, como o avanço da tuberosidade tibial (TTA). Atualmente pesquisas estão sendo realizadas com o intuito de diminuir o tempo de consolidação óssea. O osso esponjoso é considerado enxerto ósseo padrão ouro devido seu poder osteoindutor e osteocondutor. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o tempo de consolidação óssea em cães com uso de osso esponjoso ou não em animais submetidos a cirurgia de TTA. Foram operados 19 joelhos com ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial e ângulo platô tibial inferior a 27º, submetidos a cirurgia de avanço da tuberosidade tibial foram aleatoriamente separados em dois grupos: C (controle) e E (TTA mais osso esponjoso). A consolidação óssea foi confirmada por método visual (três observadores), sendo dois radiologistas e um ortopedista, que avaliaram radiografias seriadas dos membros operados com intervalos de 21 dias. Os grupos C e E não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas nos tempos de consolidação do defeito ósseo. Conclui-se que não houve interferência no tempo de consolidação com uso de osso esponjoso na falha da osteotomia após TTA. Palavras-chave: Cães. Enxerto. Ortopedia. Reparo ósseo.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of fur length in the evaluation of knees temperature in healthy dogs, using infrared thermography. This is a non-invasive diagnosis that is able to assess the microcirculation of the internal skin. Changes in temperature reflect from inflammatory reactions and vascular infarction to neurological disorders. Knees of 30 healthy dogs were analyzed, with up to 11 pounds of weight, screened by clinical examination and radiographic examination. Group A, consisting of 13 dogs with short fur, with 26 knees evaluated in total. Group B included animals with long fur, consisting of 17 animals, with 29 knees evaluated in total. The average temperatures of the cranial, lateral, caudal and medial sides of knees were analyzed. A significant difference between the groups was observed, with group A temperature being greater than the group B in all four analyzed faces. Comparing the temperatures of the faces in the contralateral limb, in both groups, the statistical analysis revealed no significant difference. In group A it was observed that temperatures in the cranial and lateral sides were similar, but different from the others. In group B, the statistical analysis showed the cranial lateral and caudal faces was similar, but differed from the medial side. The thermographic examination proved to be sensitive in the evaluation of temperature of small dogs’ knees;however, the length of the fur influenced the result.