Morphologic study of the effect of iron on pseudocyst formation in Trichomonas vaginalis and its interaction with human epithelial cells

Dias-Lopes, Geovane; Sabóia-Vahia, Leonardo; Margotti, Eliane Trindade; Fernandes, Nilma de Souza; Castro, Cássia Luana de Faria; Oliveira, Francisco Odencio Rodrigues de; Peixoto, Juliana Figueiredo; Britto, Constança; Filho, Fernando Costa e Silva; Cuervo, Patrícia; Jesus, José Batista de

doi:10.1590/0074-02760170032

Cited by 19 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is notable that no extra iron was included in both studies. Iron is essential in the development of T. vaginalis, while iron depletion having the potential to cause the accumulation of nitric oxide in a parasite's cytoplasm, low expression of adhesins on the cell surface, formation of pseudocysts and prolonged survival [37][38][39]. Although the components in Diamond's medium contain iron and could maintain the regular growth of parasites, the ideal level of iron needed remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global survey of miRNAs and tRNA-derived small RNAs from the human parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis

et al. 2021

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Background Small non-coding RNAs play critical regulatory roles in post-transcription. However, their characteristics in Trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of human sexually transmitted trichomoniasis, still remain to be determined. Methods Small RNA transcriptomes from Trichomonas trophozoites were deep sequenced using the Illumina NextSeq 500 system and comprehensively analyzed to identify Trichomonas microRNAs (miRNAs) and transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). The tsRNA candidates were confirmed by stem-loop quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and motifs to guide the cleavage of tsRNAs were predicted using the GLAM2 algorithm. Results The miRNAs were found to be present in T. vaginalis but at an extremely low abundance (0.0046%). Three categories of endogenous Trichomonas tsRNAs were identified, namely 5′tritsRNAs, mid-tritsRNAs and 3′tritsRNAs, with the 5′tritsRNAs constituting the dominant category (67.63%) of tsRNAs. Interestingly, the cleavage site analysis verified both conventional classes of tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and tRNA-halves in tritsRNAs, indicating the expression of tRNA-halves in the non-stress condition. A total of 25 tritsRNAs were experimentally confirmed, accounting for 78.1% of all tested candidates. Three motifs were predicted to guide the production of tritsRNAs. The results prove the expression of tRFs and tRNA-halves in the T. vaginalis transcriptome. Conclusions This is the first report of genome-wide investigation of small RNAs, particularly tsRNAs and miRNAs, from Trichomonas parasites. Our findings demonstrate the expression profile of tsRNAs in T. vaginalis, while miRNA was barely detected. These results may promote further research aimed at gaining a better understanding of the evolution of small non-coding RNA in T. vaginalis and their functions in the pathogenesis of trichomoniasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global survey of miRNAs and tRNA-derived small RNAs from the human parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis

et al. 2021

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“…Os protozoários que fazem parte do Filo Parabasalia têm grande importância na Medicina Veterinária e na Medicina humana, pois são patógenos responsáveis por algumas enfermidades que afetam animais de produção, de companhia, aves e o homem (SMITH ;GARBER, 2014;DE OLIVEIRA et al, 2016;JIANG et al, 2016;DIAS LOPES et al, 2017).…”

Section: Tipos De Tricomonosesunclassified

Trichomonose Uma Doença Silenciosa E De Grande Importância

Almeida¹,

Silva²,

Neto³

et al. 2018

Enci Bio

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RESUMO O objetivo dessa revisão de literatura é expor a importância, os principais aspectos morfológicos, diferenças no tratamento, prevenção e controle das trichomonoses mais relevantes para a Medicina e Medicina Veterinária. Na medicina o Trichomonas vaginalis é o agente etiológico da tricomoníase, uma doença sexualmente transmissível (DST) não viral mais comum no mundo, que apresenta diferentes variações clínicas, desde quadros assintomáticos até severo. Na medicina veterinária o agente Trichomonas gallinae é o principal protozoário que atinge as aves, principalmente os pombos, cujo tropismo é o sistema digestório superior. E por fim o Tritrichomonas foetus, caracterizado por ser uma importante DST que afeta diretamente a produção dos rebanhos bovinos, causando perda embrionária precoce, abortamento, maceração fetal e piometra. O T. foetus caracteriza-se por ser o principal agente causador de diarreia crônica em gatos domésticos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: controle, protozoários, trichomonoses.

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“…Most studies on T. vaginalis have reported only the trophozoite form as the active, motile, and infective form of the parasite which is sexually transmitted between individuals (Warton and Honigberg, 1979) and amoeboid form characterized by an increase in surface contact with epithelial cells from vagina, cervix, and prostate (Hirt, 2013). Recent reports have suggested formation of pseudocysts which are described as structures having internalized flagella in endocytic vesicles where they continue their beating motion (Pereira-Neves et al, 2003), rounded shape, non-motile and lacking a true cyst wall (Dias-Lopes et al, 2017). Pseudocyst was reported to be induced by temperature variations and iron depletion in the media in in-vitro culture of T. vaginalis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there remains a gap in our knowledge regarding how the parasite is non-sexually transmitted. Though, T. vaginalis pseudocyst has been defined, its existence, pathology, and role in the parasite's life cycle are poorly studied (Pereira-Neves et al, 2003;Hussein and Atwa, 2008;Afzan and Suresh, 2012;Dias-Lopes et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration and Characterization of Cyst-Like Structures in the Life Cycle of Trichomonas vaginalis

Beri

Yadav

Devi

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Trichomonas vaginalis is the parasitic protozoan residing in human urogenital tract causing trichomoniasis, which is the leading non-viral sexually transmitted disease. It has cosmopolitan distribution throughout the globe and affects both men and women. Lifecycle of the parasite has been traditionally described as consisting of motile and symptom-causing trophozoites. Chemical and temperature perturbations in trophozoites have been shown to aid conversion to pseudocysts, which is poorly investigated. In the current study, we show the formation of viable cyst-like structures (CLS) in stationary phase of T. vaginalis axenic culture. We used a fluorescent stain called calcofluor white, which specifically binds to chitin and cellulose-containing structures, to score for T. vaginalis CLS. Using flow cytometry, we demonstrated and quantitated the processes of encystation as well as excystation; thus, completing the parasite's lifecycle in vitro without any chemical/temperature alterations. Like cysts from other protozoan parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia, T. vaginalis CLS appeared spherical, immotile, and resistant to osmotic lysis and detergent treatments. Ultrastructure of CLS demonstrated by Transmission Electron Microscopy showed a thick electron-dense deposition along its outer membrane. To probe the physiological role of CLS, we exposed parasites to vaginal pH and observed that trophozoites took this as a cue to convert to CLS. Further, upon co-culturing with cells of cervical origin, CLS rapidly excysted to form trophozoites which abrogated the cervical cell monolayer in a dose-dependent manner. To further corroborate the presence of two distinct forms in T. vaginalis, we performed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and global, untargeted mass spectrometry to highlight differences in the proteome with trophozoites. Interestingly, CLS remained viable in chlorinated swimming pool water implicating the possibility of its role as environmentally resistant structures involved in non-sexual mode of parasite transmission. Finally, we showed that symptomatic human patient vaginal swabs had both T. vaginalis trophozoites and CLS; thus, highlighting its importance in clinical infections. Overall, our study highlights the plasticity of the pathogen and its rapid adaption when subjected to stressful environmental cues and suggests an important role of CLS in the parasite's life cycle, pathogenesis and transmission.

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Morphologic study of the effect of iron on pseudocyst formation in Trichomonas vaginalis and its interaction with human epithelial cells

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Global survey of miRNAs and tRNA-derived small RNAs from the human parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis

Global survey of miRNAs and tRNA-derived small RNAs from the human parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomonose Uma Doença Silenciosa E De Grande Importância

Demonstration and Characterization of Cyst-Like Structures in the Life Cycle of Trichomonas vaginalis

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