Monitoring of Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated from Poultry Farms from 2014 to 2018

Abstract

The current situation of antibiotic resistance of most bacterial pathogens was a threat to the poultry and public health with increasing economic losses. Regarding this problem, monitoring of the circulating microorganisms occurred with the antibiotic resistance profile. A total of 657 different samples from internal organs (liver, heart, lung, and yolk) and paper-lining chick boxes were collected from native chicken farms which were submitted to the Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production in the period from 2014 to 2018 for the detection of Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Staphylococcus. The bacterial isolates were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility by disk diffusion technique. Salmonella was isolated from 128 out of 657 (19.5%), E. coli was isolated from 496 out of 657 (75.5%), and Staphylococcus species was isolated from 497 out of 657 (75.6%). All Salmonella positive samples were examined for antibiotic resistance against 10 different antibiotics, and the highest percentage all over the five years was against penicillin, ampicillin, and tetracycline. All E. coli positive samples were examined for antibiotic resistance against 14 different antibiotics, and the highest percentage all over the five years was with ampicillin, tetracycline, norfloxacin, streptomycin, and danofloxacin. All Staphylococcus positive sample species were examined for antibiotic resistance against 14 different antibiotics, and the highest percentage of resistance all over the five years was shown with tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin, and nalidixic acid.

Multidrug-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in Healthy Poultry Slaughtered for Human Consumption

“…In the same study, resistance to tetracycline was detected in more than half of the isolates encoded by the tetK and tetM genes [47]. In our study, resistance to tetracycline was detected in 85.3% of the isolates, including all S. sciutri, S. urealyticus and S. haemolyticus, and in 25 out of 36 S. lentus, which was similar to the findings of other studies [28,31,48]. The high frequency of tetracycline resistance in poultry samples may be due to the fact that, according to the ECDC/EFSA/EMA report, tetracycline and penicillin were the most prescribed antibiotics for food-producing animals in 2017 [49].…”

Identification and characterization of MDR virulent Salmonella spp isolated from smallholder poultry production environment in Edo and Delta States, Nigeria

“…A lower MDR of 52.3% compared to our study was reported previously [67]. High-level resistance has also been documented [56,68,69]. This poses a severe public health threat due to the resistance to a broad range of antibiotics observed in this study and could be a consequence of continuous exposure and extensive usage of these antibiotics in these study areas [27].…”

Surveillance of Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Virally Infected Broilers

“…A further investigation was applied to detect the MDR pattern of the bacterial pathogen for a proper comprehension of the situation using Disc diffusion method by12 different antimicrobial discs of different antimicrobial groups, the results showed a complete resistance pattern of all the bacterial isolates to sulfamethazine, nalidixic acid and oxytetracycline. Harmonizing with Hamed et al (2021) who found that the greatest resistance from the salmonella and E. coli isolates collected from poultry farms in Egypt was to these antibiotics among others.…”