Molecular identification and antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from primary dentition infections

Abstract

Background: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a health problem in many parts of the world. The aim of this study was to identify bacteria from dental infections and determine bacterial resistance to antibiotics used in dental care in the primary dentition. Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 60 children who presented for dental treatment for active dental infections in the primary dentition. Samples from dental infections were collected and bacteria were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics was determined by colony forming units on agar plates containing amoxicillin, clindamycin and amoxillicin-clavulanic acid (A-CA) tested at 8 lg/ml or 16 lg/ml. Results: Clindamycin in both concentrations tested (8 lg/ml and 16 lg/ml) showed the highest bacterial resistance (85.9%), followed by amoxicillin (43.7%) and A-CA (12.0%). All comparisons among the three antibiotics used in the study exhibited statistical significance (p = <0.05) in both concentrations tested (8 lg/ml and 16 lg/ml), and under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The most prevalent resistant species identified by PCR in primary dentition infections were: Streptococcus oralis and Prevotella intermedia (75.0%); Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis (48.3%); Streptococcus mutans (45.0%); Campylobacter rectus; and Streptococcus salivarius (40%). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that A-CA exhibited the lowest bacterial resistance for clinical isolates in primary dentition infections.

Chitosan nanoparticles enhance the antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine in collagen membranes used for periapical guided tissue regeneration

“…Previous studies have reported resistance to commonly used antibiotics in high proportion of oral E. faecalis strains isolated from patients with apical periodontitis [30,31]. The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance among enterococci makes it difficult to treat chronic infections, different aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species are antibiotic resistant especially in refractory endodontic infections where E. faecalis is involved [17]. Thus, the eradication and prevention of reinfection of E. faecalis during periapical surgery or in the treatment of endodontic refractory infections are important issues for clinical success.…”

“…It is important to emphasize that Cs NPs concentrations were lower (0.012%-0.0015%) than those used with chlorhexidine (0.08%-0.01%). The method used to count CFUs in this study has been previously reported [17] and is an estimate of the number of cells able to form colonies under the conditions on agar plates. Even though this method has limitations, it offers several advantages compared with inhibition halos as these are more susceptible to bias.…”

“…After incubation, 100 μl of each culture tube was taken and extended onto BHI/agar plates and then were incubated for 24 h at 37°C. The method to estimate CFUs was previously reported [17] and plates were considered reliable when showing no more than 250 CFUs.…”

Prevention of infective endocarditis and bacterial resistance to antibiotics: A brief review

“…Additionally, another aspect to be considered is the oral biofilm, which includes several bacterial species and has a structure that depends on the patient's age, dentition type, and systemic medical condition(s) . Furthermore, the biofilm's morphological structure varies from case to case, but a unique pattern for active dental infections has not been identified …”

Relative quantification ofPorphyromonas gingivalis,Treponema denticola,Tannerella forsythiaandAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitanshigh-risk bacterial species in Romanian patients evaluated for periodontal disease

“…The treatment of periodontal disease consists in both surgical (gum surgery and bone grafts) and non-surgical approaches (removal of the microbial plaque and administration of antibiotics). Identification of pathogenic species of bacteria is essential for the antibiotic treatment (Loloya- Rodriguez et al, 2014). In addition, quantifying the bacterial load can help monitoring the progression of the treatment.…”