Molecular diversity and derivations of populations of Silene acaulis and Saxifraga oppositifolia from the high Arctic and more southerly latitudes

Abstract

A survey of allozyme diversity within and between populations of Silene acaulis from Spitsbergen, Norway, fceland and Scotland, showed that populations from the high Arctic (Spitsbergen, > 76"N) contained high levels of diversity and were genetically similar to populations from more southern locations. Indirect measures of gene flow (Nm), calculated from Wright's Fd indicated that there had been extensive gene flow between Spitsbergen and some Norwegian populations. A restriction site analysis of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in S. acauk revealed that all populations contained a single identical cpDNA haplotype, except one population from Norway which also contained a second haplotype. In contrast, five different cpDNA haplotypes were distinguished in a more limited survey of cpDNA variation in Saxifraga oppositifolia, with all five haplotypes present in one of two Spitsbergen populations surveyed. The contrasting cpDNA results for the two species suggest that whereas high-Arctic populations of Silme acaulis have most likely been derived from immigrants which arrived from the south after the last glacial period, high-Arctic populations of Saxifraga oppositifolia may be derived, in part, from ancient northern stocks which survived the last glaciation in high-Arctic refugia.

Molecular Variation and Phylogeography of the Moss Campion Silene Acaulis (L.) Jacq. (Caryophyllaceae) in the North of Europe and the Svalbard Archipelago

“…Вид пред-ставлен многолетними, подушковидными, насекомоопыляемыми и гинод-вудомными растениями, причем в северных регионах доля гермафродитных особей меньше (Sastad, 1991). Изучение аллозимной изменчивости смолевки бесстебельной в популяциях с территории Шпицбергена, Норвегии, Ислан-дии и Шотландии показало, что популяции из высокой Арктики (Шпицбер-ген) имеют высокий уровень изменчивости, сходный с таковым, выявленным у более южных популяций (Abbott et al, 1995). Анализ полиморфизма длины рестрикционных фрагментов хпДНК, проведенный в этой же работе, выявил, Поступила в редакцию 23.04.2010.…”

“…По этим результатам было сделано заключение о возможном послеледниковом заселении смолевкой бесстебельной северных территорий из южных рефугиумов. Выводы, полученные в работе Abbott et al (1995), основаны на изучении аллозимной изменчивости лишь семи генных локусов.…”

“…Кроме того, сравнение северо-и южноевропейских популяций послужит материалом для оценки гипотезы Abbott et al (1995) о происхождении североевропейских популяций смолевки бесстебельной.…”

Postglacial dispersal, glacial refugia, and clonal structure in Russian/Siberian populations of the arctic Daphnia pulex complex

“…and the concomitant development of the field of phylogeography (Avise, 1994), we are seeing increasing evidence of the impact that the Pleistocene glaciations/deglaciations have played in the present phylogenetic and phylogeographical associations of arctic flora and fauna (Bernatchez & Dodson, 1994;Abbott et a!., 1995).…”

Responses to Projected Changes in Climate and UV-B at the Species Level

“…Those plant species representing populations with relatively high levels of genetic variation usually have a large geographic distribution, as for example Saxifraga oppositifolia (190), Saxifraga cernua (182), Silene acaulis (181,190), Carex bigelowii sensu lato (180,183) and Carex stans (183). In these species, the genetic variation among populations (G ST ) is a relatively small proportion of the total genetic variation, i.e.…”