Molecular and phenotypical investigation of ciprofloxacin resistance among Campylobacter jejuni strains of human origin: high prevalence of resistance in Turkey

Abstract

Campylobacteriosis is one of the most frequently reported zoonoses worldwide. The well‐documented increase in the ciprofloxacin resistance has increased the importance of rapid detection of the resistance. The incidence of ciprofloxacin resistance was investigated using real‐time PCR. Identification of one hundred and fifty‐eight strains was performed by PCR. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin was determined by Epsilometer test. Following the confirmation of the efficiencies of singleplex real‐time PCR methods using two different probes, a cytosine to thymine point mutation at codon 86 was detected by allelic discrimination. Of the 158 strains, 114 (72.2%) were determined to be resistant to ciprofloxacin. The MIC50 and the MIC90 of ciprofloxacin were found to be 8 and ≥32 mg/L, respectively. By real‐time PCR, the presence of the mutation was confirmed in all, but one, resistant strains and the absence of the mutation was demonstrated in all, but one, susceptible strains. The rate of resistance is high among C. jejuni strains and ciprofloxacin should not be used in the treatment of such infections in Turkey. A cytosine to thymine mutation is the most frequently detected mechanism for the resistance. Real‐time PCR can be used for the quick screening of the resistance.

Antibiotic Resistance in the Alternative Lifestyles of Campylobacter jejuni

“…Due to the problems associated with antimicrobial resistance, a ban on the use of this class of antimicrobial in Brazil has been enacted since 2009 as a growth promoter or as a preventive medication, but it is still allowed for therapeutic purposes. The use of this drug can promote the selection of resistant bacterial strains in the digestive tract of chickens, which justifies the high percentage of resistance identified and the concordance with results reported in several countries ( Di Giannatale et al., 2019 ; Ilktac et al., 2019 ; Li et al., 2019 ).…”

Agents of Campylobacteriosis in Different Meat Matrices in Brazil

“…Campylobacter spp. are the most prevalent bacterial etiologic agents in foodborne gastroenteritis in developed countries and were officially responsible for 59.7 cases of campylobacteriosis per 100,000 of the population in 2020 [1,2]. Chicken meat has been the main source of human infection since 2008, but the consumption of meat from other animals also participates in the chain of transmission, since the species that make up the genus are capable of colonizing different farm animals [2,3].…”

Investigating the Significance of Non-jejuni/coli Campylobacter Strains in Patients with Diarrhea

“…In a recent study carried out in South Africa, erythromycin resistance of campylobacters isolated from pediatric stool samples was reported at a higher rate (24.4% in C. jejuni and 37.2% in C. coli isolates) whereas resistance to ciprofloxacin (16.6% in C. jejuni and 16.9% in C. coli ) and tetracycline (28% and 18.6% for C. jejuni and C. coli , respectively) were found to be lower when compared to the EU and the USA [ 42 ]. Ciprofloxacin resistance was reported to be extremely high (over 70%), whereas tetracycline and erythromycin resistance were detected as 25% and 5.9% in Turkey, respectively [ 43 , 44 ]. In the present study, the rate of erythromycin resistance (3.2%) was lower whereas the rates of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline resistance were higher (93.5% and 54.8%, respectively) than those in the previous studies conducted in Turkey, highlighting the increase in the resistance rates of the latter two antibiotics in Turkey ( Table 6 ).…”