Antibiotic Resistance in the Alternative Lifestyles of Campylobacter jejuni

Abstract

Campylobacter jejuni is the main pathogen identified in cases of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. Its importance in poultry production and public health is highlighted due to the growing antimicrobial resistance. Our study comparatively investigated the effect of five different classes of antimicrobials on the planktonic and biofilm forms of 35 strains of C. jejuni with high phylogenetic distinction in 30 of them. In the planktonic form, the existence of susceptible strains to colistin (7/35 – 20%) and resistance to meropenem (3/35 – 8.6%) represent a novelty in strains evaluated in Brazil. In biofilms formed with the addition of chicken juice, the number of resistant strains was significantly higher for colistin, erythromycin and meropenem (100%), but the susceptibility to tetracycline was shown as a control strategy for specific cases. High concentrations (1,060 ± 172.1mg/L) of antibiotics were necessary to control the biofilm structure in susceptible strains in the planktonic form, which is consistent with the high biomass produced in these strains. Stainless steel and polyurethane were the most (BFI=2.1) and least (BFI=1.6) favorable surfaces for the production of biomass treated with antimicrobials. It is concluded that the antimicrobial action was detected for all tested drugs in planktonic form. In sessile forms, the biomass production was intensified, except for tetracycline, which showed an antibiofilm effect.

Comparative Assessment of the Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Actions of Benzalkonium Chloride, Erythromycin, and L(+)-Lactic Acid against Raw Chicken Meat Campylobacter spp. Isolates

“…Currently, and to the best of our knowledge, there is no literature available on the inhibitory effect of any of the three tested antimicrobial agents against biofilm formation by Campylobacter . However, there is some literature available on the anti-biofilm action of disinfectants (including QACs such as BAC), antibiotics (e.g., ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline, meropenem and colistin), and organic acids (other than LA) on pre-formed Campylobacter biofilms (either mono- or mixed-cultures with other bacterial species) [ 31 , 33 , 62 ]. For instance, Rossi et al conducted a comparative investigation into the effects of five different classes of antibiotics on the planktonic and biofilm forms of 35 strains of C. jejuni .…”

“…For instance, Rossi et al conducted a comparative investigation into the effects of five different classes of antibiotics on the planktonic and biofilm forms of 35 strains of C. jejuni . This study emphasized how all strains (100%) in biofilms were resistant to erythromycin, meropenem, and colistin, indicating a significant increase in the number of resistant strains when compared to those tested in planktonic form [ 62 ]. Intriguingly, in another recent study, a different research team evaluated the synergistic effect of antibiotics and essential oils (EOs) on Campylobacter biofilms.…”

Genomic insight into Campylobacter jejuni isolated from commercial turkey flocks in Germany using whole-genome sequencing analysis

“…Campylobacter jejuni classified by the WHO as a “high priority pathogen” which gives it great concerns due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance to multiple drugs including fluoroquinolones, macrolides and other clinically relevant classes which limits the alternative treatment for human campylobacteriosis ( 57 ).…”

Roles of viable but non-culturable state in the survival of Campylobacter jejuni

“…Twenty-seven phylogenetically distinct C. jejuni strains, cryopreserved at -80°C and from chicken carcasses, isolated by Melo et al (2019c) were reactivated on CCDA agar (Oxoid ® ). The strains evaluated were previously explored by phenotypic antimicrobial resistance, virulence profile and RAPD-PCR and were considered different strains in a previous study (Rossi et al, 2021). They were collected from chicken carcasses from the Brazilian poultry industry, isolated between the years 2015 to 2016, three states in two different regions in the country.…”