Modulating the Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Immunoexpression of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Apoptotic Proteins in Broiler Chickens by Adding Dietary Spirulina platensis Phycocyanin

Abstract

This study investigated the dietary effect of Spirulina platensis phycocyanin (SPC) on growth performance (body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR)) at starter, grower, and finisher stages, intestinal histomorphology, serum biochemical parameters, inflammatory and antioxidant indices, and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and caspase-3) immune expression in broiler chickens. In total, 250 one-day-old chicks (Ross 308 broiler) were randomly allotted to five experimental groups (5 replicates/group, 10 chicks/replicate) and fed basal diets supplemented with five levels of SPC (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 g kg–1 diet) for 35 days. Compared with SPC0 treatment, different SPC levels increased the overall BW and BWG without affecting the total feed consumption. However, the FCR decreased linearly with an increase in supplementation level. The serum levels of total proteins, albumin, globulins, and growth hormone increased linearly by increasing levels of SPC supplementation. Further, SPC supplementation increased the thyroxin hormones without affecting serum glucose and leptin levels. Serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values decreased in broilers fed SPC0.250 and SPC1 diets. Triglycerides (TG) decreased in SPC0.25-, SPC0.75-, and SPC1-treated groups. Though antioxidant enzyme activities (total antioxidant capacity, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) increased linearly and quadratically, malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased linearly by increasing the SPC level. There was no effect on serum proinflammatory cytokines IL1β levels. Immunolabelling index of caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were downregulated by SPC supplementation. The intestinal histomorphology is represented by increased villus height, the villus height to crypt depth ratio, and numbers of goblet cells in different sections of the small intestine. In conclusion, SPC supplementation is beneficial in broiler chicken diets due to its growth-promoting, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Impact of Dietary Lavender Essential Oil on the Growth and Fatty Acid Profile of Breast Muscles, Antioxidant Activity, and Inflammatory Responses in Broiler Chickens

“…Numerous extracts and essential oils of particular herbs contain antioxidant characteristics that have been demonstrated to be beneficial in delaying lipid peroxidation in oils and fatty diets. These properties have attracted the attention of many researchers [ 1 , 3 , 64 , 65 ]. In the current investigation, supplementing the diet with lavender essential oil at doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg linearly decreased the MDA content while linearly increasing the serum enzyme activities of TAC, CAT, and SOD in comparison with the control group.…”

“…Consumer pressure forces the abandonment of synthetic feed additives and the mitigation of excessive breeding practices to protect the environment. Differentiating herbs that affect fatty acid characteristics and antioxidant status is a goal of several researchers [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. The quality of poultry meat is one of the main factors affecting consumer health [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Preventive role of spirulina on the some biomarkers in heart aging induced by D- galactose on the male rabbits

“…GI =control, GII =D-gal 150 mg /kg /day, GII=spirulina 500 mg /kg /day, GIV =D-gal+Spirulina antiinflammatory homes had been located in 1998. (Abaza et al,2021, Omar et al,2022. Phycocyanin can scavenge loose radicals along with alkoxyl, hydroxyl, and peroxyl radicals.…”

Effect of Dietary Blue-Green Microalgae Inclusion as a Replacement to Soybean Meal on Laying Hens’ Performance, Egg Quality, Plasma Metabolites, and Hematology

“…It was demonstrated that traditional protein sources of broiler diets could be substituted with up to 15% SP without negatively affecting the meat quality and production [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Additionally, it was reported that inclusion of 0.25–1.0% SP into broiler diets improved the growth efficiency, the nutrients digestibility, the antioxidant enzyme activity, the anti-inflammatory response, and the cecal microflora population [ 14 , 24 , 25 ]. In addition, Feshanghchi et al [ 26 ] found that supplementing SP at 1% to broiler diets can effectively mitigate the negative effects of aflatoxins on the broiler performance, immunological function, and blood biochemical characteristics.…”