Modifications in muscarinic, dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors concentrations in the hippocampus and striatum of epileptic rats

Music therapy as a non-pharmacological treatment for epilepsy

“…Several studies have confirmed that the reduction of dopamine receptor binding may be related to seizures in autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy [54], juvenile myoclonic epilepsy [55] and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy [56]. Additionally, Mendes de Freitas et al [57] demonstrated a decrease in dopamine receptor binding in the striatum and hippocampus of the pilocarpine rat model. Bozzi et al [58] have confirmed, in the kainic acid epilepsy rat model, that dopamine play a neuroprotective role in epilepsy through inhibition of glutamatergic neurotransmission and excitability.…”

Antioxidant Treatments: Effect on Behaviour, Histopathological and Oxidative Stress in Epilepsy Model

“…Major motor status epilepticus can lead to permanent pathological damage and altered physiological function in certain brain regions. The pathophysiological changes seen in complex partial, simple partial and absence status epilepticus are much less clear (Freitas et al, 2005). SE can cause brain damage, but can also result from it, and it has been difficult to separate the two, particularly in humans (Lapin et al, 1998).…”

“…Evidences for the role of free radicals in seizures has been found by using exogenously administered enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants for protection against seizures and status epilepticus-induced neuronal damage (Kulkarni and George, 1996;Freitas et al, 2005). The pilocarpine model is essential to investigate the mechanisms for initiation and propagation of seizures and status epilepticus.…”

“…Neurochemical alterations are observed in pilocarpine-induced seizures (Freitas et al, 2005), whose physiopathology is still poorly understood. However, there is data in literature suggesting that elevated reactive oxygen species concentrations and/or its metabolites are potentially neurotoxic (Freitas et al, 2004).…”

“…It has been suggested that ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol have neuroprotective properties in some experimental models of excitotoxic neurological disorders, including seizure activity induced by pilocarpine (Gaby, 2007;Barros et al, 2007). Systemic injection of pilocarpine, a cholinergic muscarinic agonist, induces status epilepticus in rodents, which is associated to histopathological and neurochemical changes as well as oxidative stress (Turski et al, 1983;Cavalheiro et al, 1994;Freitas et al, 2005). Elevated free radical products were observed during the status epilepticus.…”