Mitigation of dispersion and turbulence in a hybrid optical fibre and free-space optics link using electronic equalisation

Nguyen, Dong-Nhat; Zvánovec, Stanislav; Ghassemlooy, Zabih

doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163154

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The forward error correction (FEC) technique limit is displayed as a reference, indicating an ABER ≤ 3.8 × 10 −3 . The FEC (with only 7% of overhead) with an ABER limit of ABER ≤ 3.8 × 10 −3 for hard decision [36] is widely adopted in many communication systems including those operating at optical frequencies on atmospheric [37][38][39][40][41] or even underwater turbulence [42]. This ABER limit represents the error-free transmission regime when FEC is employed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of atmospheric optical communication systems with spatial diversity affected by correlated turbulence

Jurado-Navas

Álvarez-Roa

et al. 2022

J. Opt. Commun. Netw.

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This paper presents a complete analytical framework for obtaining the performance associated with a free-space optical (FSO) communication system with a spatial diversity and equal gain-combining technique. The system is affected by gamma–gamma scintillations with different realistic degrees of channel correlation depending only on the physical parameters of the link. We derive new analytical closed-form expressions for the average bit error rate (ABER) considering different scenarios to provide very realistic behavior of the system including different numbers of FSO receivers in several geometric configurations, with different receiving areas, different path lengths, and a variety of turbulence conditions. Furthermore, a very accurate approximate closed-form expression is also derived for the ABER of any generic coding scheme with either a very complex or, directly, no closed-form expression for its associated conditional BER that is first obtained in the ideal case of absence of turbulence. Numerical results via Monte Carlo simulation are provided to corroborate the validity of all the derived analytical expressions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of atmospheric optical communication systems with spatial diversity affected by correlated turbulence

Jurado-Navas

Álvarez-Roa

et al. 2022

J. Opt. Commun. Netw.

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“…To evaluate the optimum optical signal detection threshold, the BER is minimized, and after further analysis, as is done in [4], the optimum β can be derived assuming the optimum and sub-optimum system,…”

Section: A Maximum Likelihhod Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for data transmission [4], [5]. Because of many issues, internet service providers and mobile phone companies plan to opt for a different technology, which offers a huge spectrum, secure link and high-speed data transmissions [6], [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Error Analysis of Free Space Communication System Using Machine Learning

2023

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Free space optical (FSO) communication offers huge bandwidth, license-free spectrum and a more secure channel. PIN diodes are normally used for detection, but avalanche photodiodes (APD) are preferred for detecting high-speed FSO signals in many applications. In the case of APD, the noise distribution is input-dependent Gaussian noise (IDGN) rather than input-independent Gaussian noise (IIGN). We investigate the error analysis using on-off keying (OOK) for various detection approaches. This paper proposes a machine learning approach and compares its performance with soft and hard decisions. Soft values in the case of IDGN and IIGN are derived, and the optimum and sub-optimum detection thresholds are evaluated. The proposed novel ML approach shows better performance gains than the other approaches. It is also demonstrated that the IDGN model should have an optimum detection and achieve a gain of 2.5[dB] and about 1[dB] at λ = 0[dB] and λ = 10[dB], respectively. Experimental results are plotted for the FSO channel data, and a model fit curve is plotted using the ML approach.INDEX TERMS Error analysis, machine learning, optical communications, hard decision, soft decision.

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“…FSO system atmospheric turbulence channels gamma-gamma and log-normal have been analyzed theoretically with rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and avalanche photodiode (APD). In weak-tomoderate turbulence, a hybrid link combines single-mode fiber with 500m free-space optics [18]. Chromatic dispersion and atmospheric turbulence were compensated using adaptive electronic equalization in a hybrid optical link.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of PSK/Qam Modulated Hybrid Fiber Optic and Free Space Optic System Under Various Atmospheric Losses

Kumar

Kumar²,

Singh³

2023

AEJ

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This research aims to investigate how effectively digital modulation performs to transfer data via hybrid fiber optic and free space optic (FO-FSO) channels for last-mile communication systems. Digital modulation techniques investigated are phase-shift keying (PSK) 8-PSK, 16-PSK, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) 4-QAM, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM. FSO is line-of-sight technology being a solution to a last-mile communication system for the challenge of fiber optic cables installation. Combining FSO with fiber optic technology avoids bending losses and the implementation challenges of fiber optic cables in metropolitan areas and between buildings. But atmospheric challenges such as haze, fog, and rain cause signal loss while transmitting data in free space. Also, atmospheric turbulence and antenna misalignments lead to signal error. This paper proposed the models of QAM and PSK digital modulated signal transmission over FO-FSO and compared the results to better fiber optic-FSO links to achieve a last-mile communication network. This fiber optic and FSO model is analyzed for the distance up to 100 km of fiber optic channel and 0.4-1.5 km of FSO channel. Constellation diagrams and error-vector magnitude (EVM) concerning received power at the receiver are compared to analyze FSO channel capacity for various weather attenuations.

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Mitigation of dispersion and turbulence in a hybrid optical fibre and free-space optics link using electronic equalisation

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Performance analysis of atmospheric optical communication systems with spatial diversity affected by correlated turbulence

Performance analysis of atmospheric optical communication systems with spatial diversity affected by correlated turbulence

Error Analysis of Free Space Communication System Using Machine Learning

Investigation of PSK/Qam Modulated Hybrid Fiber Optic and Free Space Optic System Under Various Atmospheric Losses

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