Performance analysis of atmospheric optical communication systems with spatial diversity affected by correlated turbulence

Jurado-Navas, Antonio; Álvarez-Roa, María; Álvarez-Roa, Carmen; Fernández-Aragón, Francisco; Raddo, Thiago R.; Garrido-Balsells, José María; Monroy, Idelfonso Tafur

doi:10.1364/jocn.452044

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Readers interested in the performance evaluation of FSO systems in the presence of atmospheric turbulence as well as pointing errors at the receiver side should read Refs. [39,49]. Nonetheless, a new analytical formalism considering atmospheric turbulence as well as pointing errors will be developed and published elsewhere as future work.…”

Section: Network Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The need for the fast and efficient broadband service provision to support the traffic supply and demand in ultra-dense urban areas grants FSO technologies a potential to become a viable alternative for the fronthaul mobile cells densification. The large interest in FSO [38][39][40][41][42][43][44] is mainly due to its immunity to the radio interference, license-free operation, and optical broadband availability which render this wireless technology as a strong candidate for the deployment of broadband mobile fronthaul systems. FSO has higher security levels than have the main competing technologies such as optical fibers [45][46][47], albeit with some vulnerabilities to eavesdroppers as suggested in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond 5G Fronthaul Based on FSO Using Spread Spectrum Codes and Graphene Modulators

Neves

Sanches

Nobrega

et al. 2023

Sensors

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High data rate coverage, security, and energy efficiency will play a key role in the continued performance scaling of next-generation mobile systems. Dense, small mobile cells based on a novel network architecture are part of the answer. Motivated by the recent mounting interest in free-space optical (FSO) technologies, this paper addresses a novel mobile fronthaul network architecture based on FSO, spread spectrum codes, and graphene modulators for the creation of dense small cells. The network uses an energy-efficient graphene modulator to send data bits to be coded with spread codes for achieving higher security before their transmission to remote units via high-speed FSO transmitters. Analytical results show the new fronthaul mobile network can accommodate up to 32 remote antennas under error-free transmissions with forward error correction. Furthermore, the modulator is optimized to provide maximum efficiency in terms of energy consumption per bit. The optimization procedure is carried out by optimizing both the amount of graphene used on the ring resonator and the modulator’s design. The optimized graphene modulator is used in the new fronthaul network and requires as low as 4.6 fJ/bit while enabling high-speed performance up to 42.6 GHz and remarkably using one-quarter of graphene only.

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Section: Network Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond 5G Fronthaul Based on FSO Using Spread Spectrum Codes and Graphene Modulators

Neves

Sanches

Nobrega

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…An attractive solution to mitigate the degrading effects of atmospheric scintillation is the use of spatial diversity reception [37], [38]. Spatial diversity in direct detection systems is an alternative to large-aperture receivers as it is based on an array of small aperture receivers.…”

Section: Spatial Diversity: Correlated Scintillationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( 7)]. Moreover, [38,Eqs. (11) and (15)] presents how to calculate the correlation coefficient for the irradiance fluctuation and the small-scale correlation coefficient of C Y , respectively.…”

Section: Spatial Diversity: Correlated Scintillationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Free-Space Optical CDMA Networks

Álvarez-Roa,

Raddo

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid network solution using optical code-division multipleaccess and free-space optics (OCDMA-FSO) to support multiple data rates and quality-of-service according to user requirements. The proposed OCDMA-FSO network classifies users into diverse classes based on their requirements and allows for signal transmission in a fully asynchronous manner. The new hybrid network employs 2-D OCDMA codes as well as a variable aperture FSO receiver together with an equal gain combining (EGC) technique. We derive completely new analytical formalisms to evaluate the network performance in terms of average bit error rate (ABER), outage probability, effective data rate during outages, and ergodic capacity. The derived ABER expressions are validated via Monte-Carlo simulations. These new analytical formalisms are derived considering several atmospheric turbulence conditions such as uncorrelated, totally correlated, and partially correlated turbulence. To model this atmospheric turbulence, we derive the gamma-gamma (GG) distribution, which allows us to consider both the scintillation effect and the EGC technique. Finally, we carry out a comprehensive performance evaluation of the proposed hybrid network. Analytical results show that as the number of FSO receiver apertures increases, there is an improvement in overall performance levels. However, the ergodic capacity exhibits minimal improvement even as the number of FSO receiver apertures increases, regardless of the user requirements and turbulence conditions. The proposed network is a potential solution for scenarios that demand flexibility in bandwidth and data rate allocation.

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“…Throughout this paper, we consider a non-coherent intensity modulation with directdetection (IM/DD) scheme since it is a practical and widely extended technique for FSO communications [ 38 ]. With this scheme, the intensity of the emitted light is employed to convey the information.…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of a Vertical FSO Link with Energy Harvesting Strategy

Álvarez-Roa

Martín-Vega

et al. 2022

Sensors

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In this paper we investigate the application of free space optical (FSO) communications, energy harvesting, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as key technology enablers of a cost-efficient backhaul/fronthaul framework for 5G and beyond (5G+) networks. This novel approach is motivated by several facts. First, the UAVs, acting as relay nodes, represent an easy-to-deploy and adaptive network that can provide line-of-sight between the base stations and the gateways connected to the core network. Second, FSO communications offer high data rates between the UAVs and the network nodes, while avoiding any potential interference with the 5G radio access networks. Third, energy harvesting in the optical domain has the potential to extend the UAVs’ battery life. Nevertheless, the presence of atmospheric turbulence, atmospheric attenuation, and pointing errors in the FSO links severely degrades their performance. For this reason an accurate yet tractable modelling framework is required to fully understand whether an UAV-FSO backhaul/fronthaul network with energy harvesting can be applied. To this end, we consider a composite channel attenuation model that includes the effect of turbulence fading, pointing errors, and atmospheric attenuation. Using this model, we derive analytical closed-form expressions of the average harvested energy as a function of the FSO link parameters. These expressions can be used to improve energy harvesting efficiency in FSO link design. We have applied our proposed expressions to evaluate the energy harvested in vertical FSO links for a variety of real scenarios under a modified on-off keying (OOK) scheme optimized for energy harvesting. From the simulations carried out in this paper, we demonstrate that significant values of harvested energy can be obtained. Such performance enhancement can complement the existing deployment charging stations.

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Performance analysis of atmospheric optical communication systems with spatial diversity affected by correlated turbulence

Cited by 5 publications

References 53 publications

Beyond 5G Fronthaul Based on FSO Using Spread Spectrum Codes and Graphene Modulators

Beyond 5G Fronthaul Based on FSO Using Spread Spectrum Codes and Graphene Modulators

Flexible Free-Space Optical CDMA Networks

Performance Analysis of a Vertical FSO Link with Energy Harvesting Strategy

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