Military justice in Latin America: a comparative analysis

García, Ivette Castañeda; Duxbury, Alison; Groves, Matthew

doi:10.1017/cbo9781107326330.011

Cited by 3 publications

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“…In Peru, for example, in the 1980s and 1990s, it was used to defend military personnel accused of human and financial abuses in the fight against terrorism, and to try guerrilla sympathizers, sometimes summarily. During the Brazilian dictatorship, military justice acted in three dimensions: as corporate justice, playing its traditional role; as the government's political justice, trying those accused of conspiring against the government and national security; and as an intra-corporation political justice, trying military personnel suspected of political activity contrary to the regime (Garcia, 2016). During this period, a variety of uses of military justice was a constant in almost all Latin American countries (Rial, 2010).…”

Section: Military Reform In Latin Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2019

UCLR

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The paper explores a theme not well analyzed in Latin America: The military has to govern itself with autonomy by the unique justice and mechanisms of control, even if international law is not obeyed. We explain why all over the democratic world the trends are to limit the autonomy of military justice and to transfer this function to civilian courts. In doing so, we demonstrate the difference between Latin America and democratic countries in Europe, as well as the USA. Autonomous justice means power and special protection for a traditional organization, like the armed forces, which have weapons, political pre-eminence, and social legitimacy. The article intends to draw attention to internal processes to produce order and discipline in barracks, using conventional methods at a time when most armies are not made up of regular or permanent soldiers. Lately, armies look like major enterprises, but military codes have not had sufficient changes to cope with new challenges, such as human rights, gender inclusion, and new demands for more rights and justice. At the same time, terrorism makes the world more dangerous and greater demands are placed on the armed forces, such as rapid decisions sometimes of an unorthodox character. This makes things more difficult for international organizations concerned with justice, especially the rights of civilians not to be tried by military courts.

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Section: Military Reform In Latin Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2019

UCLR

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“…Drawing on a large bibliography, Garcia (2016) summarized the military justice system in Latin America as defined by two characteristics: on the one hand, disciplinary codes, criminal norms, and laws applicable to the military; and on the other hand, a large body of judges, prosecutors, lawyers, and technicians responsible for compliance in this legal apparatus. At the same time, there are two subsystems in the region: a military criminal subsystem for military crimes and an administrative one for disciplinary offenses.…”

Section: Military Reform In Latin Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Military Courts in Transition: The Latin American Case

D'Araújo¹

2019

UCLR

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The paper explores a theme not well analyzed in Latin America: The military has to govern itself with autonomy by the unique justice and mechanisms of control, even if international law is not obeyed. We explain why all over the democratic world the trends are to limit the autonomy of military justice and to transfer this function to civilian courts. In doing so, we demonstrate the difference between Latin America and democratic countries in Europe, as well as the USA. Autonomous justice means power and special protection for a traditional organization, like the armed forces, which have weapons, political pre-eminence, and social legitimacy. The article intends to draw attention to internal processes to produce order and discipline in barracks, using conventional methods at a time when most armies are not made up of regular or permanent soldiers. Lately, armies look like major enterprises, but military codes have not had sufficient changes to cope with new challenges, such as human rights, gender inclusion, and new demands for more rights and justice. At the same time, terrorism makes the world more dangerous and greater demands are placed on the armed forces, such as rapid decisions sometimes of an unorthodox character.This makes things more difficult for international organizations concerned with justice, especially the rights of civilians not to be tried by military courts.

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“…No Peru, por exemplo, nos anos 1980 e 1990, foi usado para defender militares acusados de abusos humanos e financeiros no combate ao terrorismo e também para julgar, às vezes sumariamente, simpatizantes da guerrilha. Durante a ditadura brasileira a justiça militar atuou como justiça corporativa seguindo seu papel tradicional, como justiça política do governo julgando os acusados de conspirar contra a segurança nacional e, como justiça política intracorporação para julgar aqueles militares suspeitos de atividade política contrária ao regime (Garcia 2016). Nesse mesmo período, a variedade de usos da justiça militar foi uma constante em quase todos os países da América Latina (Rial 2010a).…”

Section: Autonomia Nas Relações Civil-militaresunclassified

A persistente primazia política da corporação militar

D'Araújo

2017

RBED

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O trabalho divide-se em duas partes. Inicialmente abordaremos como a literatura clássica sobre os militares no Brasil abordou os vínculos da corporação com a sociedade e com o Estado, ou seja, aspectos cruciais das relações civil-militares. Em seguida faremos algumas considerações sobre a dinâmica atual dessas relações no Brasil tomando como foco a justiça militar. O ponto de vista defendido é o de que, apesar das mudanças políticas no país e das variações do enfoque teórico, as Forças Armadas continuam sendo uma instituição que mantém prerrogativas e ampla autonomia em seu formato institucional e em seu processo decisório.

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Military justice in Latin America: a comparative analysis

Cited by 3 publications

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Military Courts in Transition: The Latin American Case

A persistente primazia política da corporação militar

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