Migration of Additives from Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) Tubes into Aqueous Media

Abstract

The stability and migration product of medical PVC tubes plasticized with polyadipates were investigated by ageing in phosphate buffer at pH 1.679 and water at different temperatures. Changes in the PVC tubes were studied by water absorption, weight loss, Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The low molecular weight migration product that was released was extracted and silylanized before gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) identification and quantification. After 70 days, the weight loss was less than 0.5% and only a small amount of adipic acid migrated when a tube was aged at 37°C in water and phosphate buffer (pH 1.679), and at 70°C in water after 56 days. However, when aged at 70 and 110°C, gradual deactivation of heat stabilizer after 21 days of ageing in buffer solution and separation of plasticizer from PVC matrix occurred. When the tube was aged at 110°C, significant degradation of both polyadipates and PVC were observed. Adipic acid and 1,4‐butanediol monomers and oligomers of polyadipate were the major migration products from polyadipates in the water ageing solution, while only a relatively high amount of adipic acid was identified as the main product in the buffer ageing solution.

Migration resistant polymeric plasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride)

“…Monomers and oligomers also migrated from commercial PVC tubes plasticized with linear PBA when aged in water at different temperatures. 25 When aged in phosphate buffer (pH 1.679), significant amounts of adipic acid was found, while only trace levels of oligomers and 1,4-butanediol were detected. This was explained by a further hydrolysis of oligomers to monomers and oxidation of 1,4-butanediol.…”

“…16,[24][25][26][27] Castle et al 24 studied the migration of a series of PBA oligomers (from trimer to an oligomer with 11-monomer units) into olive oil. A substantial amount of the plasticizer migrated into olive oil during 12 h and low molar mass oligomers dominated among the migrating species.…”

Aqueous leaching of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and “green” plasticizers from poly(vinyl chloride)

“…The GC analysis method was then used to test the leaching of several series of potential "green" plasticizers and to suggest favourable structural characteristics of the plasticizer to minimize leaching. The combination of gravimetric analysis of PVC and GC analysis of migration product has been previously used in the analysis of polyadipate-plasticized PVC in medical tubing (Wang and Storm, 2005), and GC analysis of DEHP has been previously used to investigate migration of the plasticizer from child articles into saliva (Steiner et. al., 1998).…”

Plasticizer Motion and Diffusion

“…61 Plasticizers originated from packaging materials. 69 Acetyl tributyl citrate plasticizer was found to migrate from packaging film to halawa with a high penetration depth of 7.5 mm. 69 Acetyl tributyl citrate plasticizer was found to migrate from packaging film to halawa with a high penetration depth of 7.5 mm.…”