Microwave Modeling of Rectangular Tunnels

Jacard, B.; Maldonado, O.

doi:10.1109/tmtt.1984.1132731

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Propagation in tunnels in which the tunnel shape is a periodic jointed tunnel was explained in [17]. Low-frequency propagation in idealistic rectangular-shaped tunnels was discussed in [1], [18], [19], and [20]. In [21], the propagation of radio waves was analyzed; the considered tunnels contained curved roads.…”

Section: A Geometric Shapes Of Tunnelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave Propagation Modeling Techniques in Tunnel Environments: A Survey

et al. 2023

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The prediction of radio signal transmission in tunnels is important for wireless communication link design as it enables the delivery of optimum power to the intended receiver inside the tunnel. Several techniques have been proposed to estimate path loss for wireless communication inside tunnels. The radio coverage range and where base stations need to be installed can be figured out with the help of propagation models. At the time of developing these models, modeling complexity and environmental attributes, such as the tunnel geometry and the electrical and magnetic properties of its walls and interior materials are considered. A limited amount of literature currently overviews how waves transmits through tunnels and how electromagnetic wave transmission has recently changed. This survey, which examines current advancements in the propagation of waves in tunnels, aims to address this gap. In this review, thirty wave propagation models were analyzed and grouped into distinct categories for the first time. The detailed specifications of each model were omitted to make the survey easy to comprehend. This comparative research will help service providers adopt an appropriate propagation model and plan efficient transmitter and receiver placement and link management for a specific tunnel environment.INDEX TERMS Artificial neural network, radio wave propagation, ray tracing, scaling, tunnel.

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Section: A Geometric Shapes Of Tunnelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave Propagation Modeling Techniques in Tunnel Environments: A Survey

et al. 2023

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“…As field experiments in an underground tunnel often prove to be difficult, an experiment in a miniaturized environment in which physical properties are maintained is preferable. Scaling models have previously been shown to be useful for radio wave propagation in tunnels [5,6,13]. In our case, we used a subscale 1/10th tunnel model, as summarized in Table 2.…”

Section: Scale Model Experiments In the Shf And The Mmws Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dimensions of rooms, the building materials, and the positions of various objects such as cars and trains, change, as well as people moving in the vicinity. To predict how an underground environment would affect wave propagation, some researchers have utilized scale models of tunnels in a lab environment to perform experiments that imitate realworld conditions [5,6]. Other works relied on results in the existing literature to confirm the models they developed [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaled Modeling and Measurement for Studying Radio Wave Propagation in Tunnels

et al. 2020

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The subject of radio wave propagation in tunnels has gathered attention in recent years, mainly regarding the fading phenomena caused by internal reflections. Several methods have been suggested to describe the propagation inside a tunnel. This work is based on the ray tracing approach, which is useful for structures where the dimensions are orders of magnitude larger than the transmission wavelength. Using image theory, we utilized a multi-ray model to reveal non-dimensional parameters, enabling measurements in down-scaled experiments. We present the results of field experiments in a small concrete pedestrian tunnel with smooth walls for radio frequencies (RF) of 1, 2.4, and 10 GHz, as well as in a down-scaled model, for which millimeter waves (MMWs) were used, to demonstrate the roles of the frequency, polarization, tunnel dimensions, and dielectric properties on the wave propagation. The ray tracing method correlated well with the experimental results measured in the tunnel as well as in a scale model.

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“…The frequency of f = 120 GHz in the scaled geometry is comparable to a frequency of 1–3 GHz in real tunnels. However, in contrast to scaled measurements [ Jacard and Maldonado , 1984; Yamaguchi et al , 1989; Klemenschits , 1993; Klemenschits et al , 1993], that is, using the values measured at high frequency in a scaled geometry corresponding to a lower frequency in the unscaled geometry, the measurements and calculations in this paper are both performed at f = 120 GHz. For scaled measurements, one has to ensure a correct scaling of the equivalent conductivity of the building materials, otherwise leading to false imaginary parts of the permittivity [ Klemenschits , 1993].…”

Section: Comparisons In a Model Tunnel Built Of Straight And Curved Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Ray tracing in curved confined spaces: A performance evaluation based on measurements

2002

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[1] This work is concerned with the comparison of measurements and predictions of high-frequency electromagnetic wave propagation in curved confined spaces. For this purpose, measurements have been performed at 120 GHz (D-band) in curved prefabricated stoneware tubes. A ray-tracing tool based on geometrical optics and ray density normalization is used for the simulations. The comparisons reveal that an appropriate ray-tracing approach is able to precisely predict wave propagation in curved geometry. It is shown that the actual shape of the boundaries has a major impact on the propagation characteristics compared to, for example, the materials parameters. Furthermore, the effect of the focusing of energy was observed in both measurements and simulations. In this case, the ray density normalization allows us to overcome one of the major disadvantages of conventional geometrical optics: its failure at caustics.

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Microwave Modeling of Rectangular Tunnels

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

Wave Propagation Modeling Techniques in Tunnel Environments: A Survey

Wave Propagation Modeling Techniques in Tunnel Environments: A Survey

Scaled Modeling and Measurement for Studying Radio Wave Propagation in Tunnels

Ray tracing in curved confined spaces: A performance evaluation based on measurements

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