Microwave assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of elephantopus scaber and its environmental and biological applications

Abstract

The fabrication of spherical silver nanoparticles using the phytoreducing agent Elephantopus scaber is reported here. Irradiation of the reaction mixture under a domestic microwave oven enabled the formation of stable silver nanoparticles and was confirmed by UV-vis spectral portrait. Chemical components inherent in the aqueous leaf extract which reduces the monovalent silver were identified by FT-IR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of the synthesized nanoparticles was established as face centred cube by the powder XRD analysis. The TEM images suggest an average particle size of 37.86 nm to the silver nanoparticles. The prepared silver nanocatalysts can successfully reduce various organic nitro compounds, namely, 4-nitrophenol, 2-nitroaniline and 4-nitroaniline. The environmental pollution caused by dyes like eosin Y is effectively wiped off within a short span of time using the prepared nanocatalysts. The free radical quenching efficacy of the plant extract and the silver nanoparticles were checked by employing DPPH assay bestowing ascorbic acid reference. The potential of the nanoparticles as antimicrobials against six human disease causing pathogens were tested through the well diffusion pathway. The newly developed silver nanoparticles produced IC value 15.68 ± 0.15 μg/mL on human skin carcinoma cells, A375 and 65.49 ± 0.40 μg/mL on fibroblast cells, L929 when the cytotoxicity is studied employing MTT assay. Elephantopus scaber showed IC value 50.55 ± 0.17 μg/mL against A375 cells.

Green Synthesis of Ag-MnO2 Nanoparticles using Chelidonium majus and Vinca minor Extracts and Their In Vitro Cytotoxicity

“…When treated with VmNPs, HaCaT cells showed weak cytotoxicity (78.04%, 76.56%, 75.28%, and 72.67%) at high concentrations (250, 500, 750, and 1000 µg/mL, respectively) and at the same concentrations, A375 cells showed moderate (47.25% at 250 µg/mL and 40.77% at 1000 µg/mL) and strong (35.87% at 500 µg/mL and 37.92% at 750 µg/mL) cytotoxicity ( Figure 7). Low to no cytotoxicity on HaCaT was observed by other researchers also [64,65], and negative effect on A375 cells produced by green synthesized AgNPs was reported before [66,67]. In our study, A375 cells were significantly (p < 0.0001) more affected than HaCaT cells by VmNPs concentrations, with the lowest viability value (35.87%) registered at 500 µg/mL.…”

Augmented photocatalytic, antibacterial and antifungal activity of prunosynthetic silver nanoparticles

“…Fungal cell walls are made up of complex polysaccharide containing N-based chitin which is not easily degradable than gram negative bacterial cell walls having thinner morphology easily available to be attacked by BSNPs. Antimicrobial actions of BSNPs exhibited dose dependency and all clearance zones can be attributed to phenols, flavonoid and alkaloids present in PCFE that capped the BSNPs [41]. Effective clearance zones for bacterial and fungal strains obtained with BSNPs make them versatile nanobactericide and fungicides [42].…”

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Premna integrifolia (L.) rich in polyphenols and evaluation of their antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity

“…UV-Vis spectral analysis showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 417 nm, which confirmed the AEP-AgNPs biosynthesis (Figure 2(b)). In a previous report, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak ranging 400-500 nm suggested AgNP formation [23]. Several factors like the shape and size of nanoparticles present in the reaction mixture as well as the type of surrounding media affect the SPR absorbance.…”