Microclimate in agrosilvopastoral system enhances powdery mildew severity compared to agropastoral and non-integrated crop

Abstract

While integrated crop-livestock systems including trees have received more attention during the last two decades, the epidemiology of plant diseases in these production systems is still poorly understood. Microclimatic modifications due to the type of cropping system adopted may affect the epidemic patterns. This work aimed to evaluate whether powdery mildew severity on oats (Avena strigosa and A. sativa) and on soybean (Glycine max) are affected by the cropping system and which microclimatic factors are associated with disease development. A long-term experiment was conducted t o c o m p a r e t h r e e s y s t e m s : a g r o p a s t o r a l (A P) , agrosilvopastoral (ASP) and non-integrated crop (CO). Two rates of nitrogen (N) were applied for AP and ASP. Powdery mildew severity on oats in ASP was approximately 20× greater than in the others systems. On soybean, powdery mildew varied across systems but it was more severe in ASP, with at least 4× greater disease severity than in the other systems. Likewise, conidia of Microsphaera diffusa collected in spore traps in ASP were consistently higher than in the others systems. ASP showed shorter leaf wetness duration, higher daylight relative humidity (RH), and lower temperature amplitude compared with the other systems. Multiple regression analysis showed that leaf wetness duration and daylight RH explained best the disease variation on soybean. Our data suggest that microclimatic conditions in the ASP system are likely the main drivers of more severe powdery mildew epidemics.

Alternative products to control powdery mildew in soybeans culture in field

“…& Pk. stands out, since the 1996/97 harvest it has gained importance among the diseases that affect soybeans in the South and Midwest regions of Brazil, causing damage to yield estimated between 30% and 40% (Blum et al 2016;Roese et al 2017). The significant reduction in soybean yield is due to the reduction of the photosynthetically active area (Barcelos et al 2018).…”

Bacillus thuringiensis Combined With Fungicide Applications in the Management of Soybean Leaf Diseases

“…& Peck sin. Erysiphe diffusa) affect the crop and are of significant occurrence in the Central region of Paraná state (Roese et al, 2017;Silva et al, 2016), one of the largest producing states of Brazil.…”

“…Downy mildew favorable development conditions are temperatures of about 20 °C (McKenzie & Wyllie, 1971), high humidity (90% or above) (Sun et al, 2017) and long wetness period (24 h) (Garibaldi et al, 2007). On the other hand, powdery mildew is favored by temperatures about 23 ºC and 8 h of leaf wetness period, but it can grow in any humidity conditions (ranging from 0-100%) (Alves et al, 2009;Brodie & Neufeld, 1942;Roese et al, 2017).…”