Microbial flora and resistance in ophthalmology: a review

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance in systemic infection is well-researched and well-publicized. Much less information is available on the resistance of normal ocular microbiome and that of ophthalmic infections. An understanding of the distribution of ocular microorganisms may help us in tailoring our empiric treatment, as well as in choosing effective pre-, peri- and postoperative management, to achieve the best results for patients. This study aims to summarize and review the available literature on the subject of normal ocular flora and its resistance, as well as the broader topic of antibiotic resistance in ophthalmology.

Keratitis antimicrobial resistance surveillance program, Sydney, Australia: 2016 Annual Report

“…Together these two programs follow the resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza (TRUST) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and CoNS (ARMOR). 31 A networked system, coordinated nationally is urgently needed in Australia to provide wider scale information on AMR in bacterial keratitis. We provide these data for discussion and consideration as we take the first steps to a networked Australia wide programme for monitoring AMR in bacterial keratitis.…”

2018 Update on Intravitreal Injections: Euretina Expert Consensus Recommendations

“…Further, it should be kept in mind that the widespread and frequent use of topical antibiotics promotes increasing resistance to antibiotic substances [107-109] and growth of pan-drug-resistant bacteria, as recently observed in the USA [110]. Growing resistance among ocular bacteria has been observed following overuse of systemic as well as topical antibiotics in the eye.…”

“…Growing resistance among ocular bacteria has been observed following overuse of systemic as well as topical antibiotics in the eye. For further information, see Grzybowski et al [111] and Bremond-Gignac et al [112]. …”

Intravitreal injections in clinical practice: results of a survey of eye surgeons in the Ural federal district

“…Подавляющее большинство хирургов УрФО применяют антибиотики в периоперационном периоде (95,9 % в виде инстилляций, 43,2 % в виде субконъюнктивальных инъекций), что не соответствует консенсусу экспертов, согласно которому периоперационные антибиотики не рекомендованы, поскольку нет достаточных доказательств их эффективности в отношении профилактики эндофтальмита [16,[25][26][27][28]. При этом инстилляции антисептиков, которые рассматриваются в качестве современной альтернативы топическим антибиотикам [29], однако не упоминаются в рекомендациях Euretina, применяют 35,1 % опрошенных.…”