Keratitis antimicrobial resistance surveillance program, Sydney, Australia: 2016 Annual Report

Watson, Stephanie; Cabrera‐Aguas, Maria; Khoo, Pauline; Pratama, Ryanbi; Gatus, Barrie J.; Gulholm, Trine; El-Nasser, Jasmin; Lahra, Monica M

doi:10.1111/ceo.13364

Cited by 44 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Similar to other previous studies, no cases were resistant to vancomycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. 20,22 In our study, all cases of Staphylococcus aureus tested for erythromycin were sensitive (100%), which is in contrast to studies done in the USA, Saudi Arabia, and Taiwan that found the resistance to erythromycin to be 67%, 18.6%, and 88%, respectively. 20,21,23 None of Staphylococcus aureus cases were resistant to chloramphenicol, which contrasts with the results from a previous study conducted in Australia that found a higher resistance rate (21%).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

“…20,21,23 None of Staphylococcus aureus cases were resistant to chloramphenicol, which contrasts with the results from a previous study conducted in Australia that found a higher resistance rate (21%). 22 All cases of Staphylococcus aureus were tested for ceftriaxone, and they were all found to be sensitive to cefoxitin. While comparing the resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ceftazidime, it was found to be 7.69% in our study, while it was around 5.6% in a previous national study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Keratitis at a Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh</p>

Almizel¹,

Alsuhaibani²,

Alkaff³

et al. 2019

OPTH

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Background: The most common cause of ocular infections worldwide is bacteria; therefore, bacterial keratitis requires rapid and proper intervention because it is a major cause of loss of vision and ocular morbidity. Resistance studies have found increases in the resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, and gentamicin in bacterial keratitis cases that are caused by gram-positive organisms. Aim: To identify the common predisposing factors, causative organisms, and antibiotic profile of bacterial keratitis (BK) in a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Method: This is a retrospective study of the microbiological record of all patients diagnosed with BK at KAUH. From the first of May 2015 until the first of January 2018. Demographic data, diabetes mellitus, contact lens use, history of eye trauma, ocular surface disorders, recent ocular surgeries, current and recent medications, initial and final visual acuity, and location and size of the infiltrate were all used in the study. VA was converted to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) for statistical analysis. Results: 177 cases positive for BK were included. 100 (56.5%) were males, and 77 (43.5%) were females. The mean age was 43.15. Trauma was the most common predisposing factor, which was observed in 68 (38.4%) cases, followed by Ocular surface disease [52 (29.4%)]. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most commonly isolated organism [61 (34.5%)], followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae [23 (13%)], and Staphylococcus aureus [18 (10.2%)]. All gram-positive cases were Vancomycin sensitive. Staphylococcus epidermidis showed only 4 resistant cases to chloramphenicol (7.27%), and resistance to penicillin and ampicillin was found in 55 (90%) and 53 (89.83%) cases, respectively. All Streptococcus pneumoniae cases were resistant to gentamicin (100%). Staphylococcus aureus showed high sensitivity for erythromycin [18 (100%)]. Conclusion: The most common cause of bacterial keratitis was Staphylococcus epidermidis (N=61), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (N=23). Trauma was the most common predisposing factor (38.4%), while contact lens use was only identified in 14 cases (7.9%). All organisms tested were sensitive to vancomycin, and there was high resistance toward penicillin (90%).

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Keratitis at a Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh</p>

Almizel¹,

Alsuhaibani²,

Alkaff³

et al. 2019

OPTH

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“…These data are consistent with a surveillance study of keratitis isolates of P aeruginosa from Sydney, Australia, that showed 100% of isolates were susceptible to these two aminoglycosides. 47 Similar susceptibility (>99%) to aminoglycoside has been reported from the United States 48 , whereas susceptibility to aminoglycosides was lower in Pakistan (36% gentamicin) 49 and India (∼77% to gentamicin). 50 The resistance to polymyxin B (which potentially shares the same mechanism of action to disinfectants through targeting the cell membrane of bacteria) 51 found in strain 123 might be due to the role of two component systems present in P aeruginosa including PhoPQ, PmrAB, ParRS, CprRS, and ColRS that, when mutated, result in the modification of lipopolysaccharide and efflux pumps 52 or acquisition of external mcr-1 gene.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Susceptibility of Contact Lens-RelatedPseudomonas aeruginosaKeratitis Isolates to Multipurpose Disinfecting Solutions, Disinfectants, and Antibiotics

Khan

Stapleton

Willcox

2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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This study analyzed the susceptibilities of 17 contact lens (CL)-related keratitis isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Australia to antibiotics, multipurpose contact lens disinfecting solutions (MPDS), and disinfectants through minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations. Methods: Antibiotics included ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, piperacillin, imipenem, ceftazidime, and polymyxin B. The MPDS OPTI-FREE PureMoist, Complete RevitaLens OcuTec, Biotrue, and Renu Advanced Formula and the constituent disinfectants; alexidine dihydrochloride, polyquaternium-1, polyaminopropyl biguanide, and myristamidopropyl dimethylamine (Aldox) were analyzed. The combined susceptibility of disinfectants based on the MPDS formulation was assessed through fractional inhibitory concentration. Results: All isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin and gentamicin, 2/17 were resistant to ciprofloxacin; 1/17 was resistant to tobramycin, piperacillin, and polymyxin; and 3/17 were resistant to ceftazidime whereas 12/17 were resistant to imipenem. Of the four MPDSs, for Renu Advanced Formula 8/17 strains have an MIC ≤ 11.36 for OPTI-FREE PureMoist 14/17 strains have an MIC ≤ 11.36% for Complete RevitaLens 9/17 strains have an MIC ≤ 11.36, and for Biotrue 5/17 strains have MIC = 11.36. All strains were killed by 100% MPDS. At the concentrations used in the MPDSs, individual disinfectants were not active. From three tested isolates, no synergy was found in dual combinations of disinfectants. However, synergy was found for triple combination of disinfectants for three tested strains. Conclusions: Australian CL-related isolates of P aeruginosa were susceptible to most antibiotics. There was variability in susceptibility to different MPDS. Individual disinfectant excipients had limited activity. The combination of the disinfectants showed synergy, antagonism, and no interaction. Translational Relevance: This study will help to choose better preventive and treatment measures for microbial keratitis.

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“…Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined by the calibrated dichotomous susceptibility (CDS) method and breakpoints for resistance were in accord with those specified in the CDS method for systemic isolates. Methods have been described elsewhere …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods have been described elsewhere. 19 Descriptive statistics were used to summarize all continuous and categorical variables. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r s ) was used to test for trend.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance trends in bacterial keratitis over 5 years in Sydney, Australia

Cabrera‐Aguas

Khoo

George

et al. 2019

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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Importance Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns in bacterial keratitis may fluctuate in a geographic location over time. Background To investigate any change in AMR patterns in Sydney, Australia. Design Retrospective case series. Participants All patients with microbial keratitis who underwent a corneal scrape and culture from 2012 to 2016 at the Sydney Eye Hospital. Methods Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry identified organisms. The Calibrated Dichotomous Susceptibility method determined antibiotic susceptibilities. Main Outcome Measures Isolated organisms and antibiotic susceptibilities. Results There were 1084 corneal scrapes from 957 patients. The mean age was 54 years (range 18‐100) and 52% were male. Cultures were positive in 711 of 1084 scrapes (66%), with 884 organisms identified. Of the bacteria isolated, 685 of 884 (78%) were Gram‐positive and 199 of 884 (22%) were Gram‐negative. Overall, the most common bacteria were coagulase‐negative Staphylococci (CoNS) (405/884, 46%). Methicillin‐resistance was detected in 7% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates (7/103). Methicillin‐resistance in CoNS (ie, also cefalotin resistance) was reported in 19% of isolates and ciprofloxacin 8%. For methicillin‐sensitive S aureus (MSSA), 5% of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. For Corynebacterium spp., 34% of isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol and 9% to ciprofloxacin. The most common Gram‐negative bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (109/199, 55%). One case was resistant to ciprofloxacin. Conclusions and Relevance Coagulase‐negative staphylococcal species were the most frequently suspected of causing bacterial keratitis. Increased resistance to cefalotin was identified for CoNS and to ciprofloxacin for Corynebacterium spp., MSSA and P aeruginosa compared to a previous study in Sydney in 2002 to 2003.

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Keratitis antimicrobial resistance surveillance program, Sydney, Australia: 2016 Annual Report

Abstract: Staphyloccocus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were the most common microorganisms isolated. There was low resistance to cefalotin and ciprofloxacin for these isolates. More than 90% of these would be covered by current therapeutic recommendations for empiric therapy in Australia.

Cited by 44 publications

References 23 publications

<p>Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Keratitis at a Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh</p>

<p>Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Keratitis at a Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh</p>

Susceptibility of Contact Lens-RelatedPseudomonas aeruginosaKeratitis Isolates to Multipurpose Disinfecting Solutions, Disinfectants, and Antibiotics

Antimicrobial resistance trends in bacterial keratitis over 5 years in Sydney, Australia

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