Methods and applications of energy saving control of in-wheel motor drive system in electric vehicles: A comprehensive review

Li, Yong; Adeleke, Oluwatobi Pelumi; Xu, Xing

doi:10.1063/1.5129070

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Here, an improved slip rate estimation method without the vehicle speed calculation is proposed. According to (5), the slip rate is…”

Section: Design Of Fuzzy Threshold Controller For Slip Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Since the vehicle is directly driven by in-wheel motors, more flexible electronic control strategies are required to ensure vehicle handling stability, safety, and economy. 5 As a unique steering technology of distributed drive vehicles, differential steering cannot only be used for steering assistance, but also be used as a backup steering scheme for distributed drive vehicles. 6 In the context of functional safety, it is a potential danger when the vehicle cannot steer, and the temporary steering function can be realized through differential steering, 4 which can improve the safety and reliability of the steering system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Since the vehicle is directly driven by in-wheel motors, more flexible electronic control strategies are required to ensure vehicle handling stability, safety, and economy. 5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coordinated control and torque distribution of differential steering and anti-skid driving of distributed drive electric vehicle considering stability

Jinfang

Boyang

Wang

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Differential steering is a unique steering technology for distributed drive vehicles, which cannot only be applied to steering power, but also be used as a backup steering scheme for distributed drive vehicles. When the road adhesion conditions are poor, differential steering will lead to wheel slip, reduce the tire lateral force margin, and then affect the vehicle stability. To solve this issue, it is necessary to integrate the differential steering and anti-skid drive control. In this paper, the four-wheel distributed drive electric vehicle (DDEV), tire and wheel dynamics models are firstly established. Then the coordinated control strategy is proposed for anti-skid driving and differential steering of DDEV, where a neural network is adopted for the weights regulation of the two controllers. Next, an improved slip rate estimation method avoiding the calculation of vehicle speed is proposed which can reduce the error when the wheel angular acceleration is less than zero. Then, the slip rate fuzzy threshold controller is designed to control the wheel slip rate, and the feed forward-feedback differential torque controller is designed to obtain the differential torque required in steering. Considering the vehicle stability, the torque distribution adopts the quadratic programing method and combines the constraints of wheel slip rate and tire load rate to optimize the distribution of each wheel’s driving torque. Finally, the joint simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed improved slip rate estimation method and control strategy. The results show that the calculation error is reduced to 5.13% with the improved slip rate estimation results, and the superiority of proposed control method is verified by both simulation and HIL test.

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“…Here, an improved slip rate estimation method without the vehicle speed calculation is proposed. According to (5), the slip rate is…”

Section: Design Of Fuzzy Threshold Controller For Slip Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Coordinated control and torque distribution of differential steering and anti-skid driving of distributed drive electric vehicle considering stability

Jinfang

Boyang

Wang

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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show abstract

“…Electric vehicles driven * Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed. by in-wheel motors have unique advantages such as compact structure and flexible control, and have become a research hotspot in the development of the new energy vehicle industry [3,4]. However, since the in-wheel motor is installed in the wheel hub directly, not only will it inevitably bear the pressure from suspension and road impact, but also easily wear parts in the process of operation, leading to mechanical faults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis method based on hidden Markov model and Weibull mixture model for mechanical faults of in-wheel motors

Xue¹,

Liu²,

Ding³

et al. 2022

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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To effectively monitor the operation state of in-wheel motor used in electric vehicle and ensure the safety of the whole vehicle, a diagnosis method based on hidden Markov model (HMM) and Weibull mixture model (WMM) is proposed for mechanical fault of in-wheel motor, that is simply known as a WMM-HMM diagnosis method. Firstly, vibration signals of in-wheel motor are extracted for sensitive symptom parameters (SPs) which are used to characterize the operation state and establish the observation sequence. Secondly, Weibull mixture model is employed to expand the limited observation sequence under various operating states of in-wheel motor to obtain sufficient observation sequence as the training sample set of HMM, and HMM parameters are determined through combining supervised learning with unsupervised learning algorithm. Then the WMM-HMM diagnosis models are constructed under low and medium speed conditions respectively. Finally, the corresponding fault in-wheel motors are customized and the test bench is built to verify the proposed method. The test results show that the proposed method can accurately identify the mechanical fault state of in-wheel motor under different conditions and has good generalization and applicability in traditional methods comparison.

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“…With the increasing serious problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution, electric vehicles (EVs) have become the focus of the development on automobile research. EVs with the hub direct-drive system, namely, the distributed driving system, have the advantages of flexible control, efficient transmission, and compact structure, which have been recognized as the ideal configuration of EVs in the future [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of the Hub Direct Drive‐Air Suspension System from Vertical and Longitudinal Directions

Song

Chen

et al. 2021

Shock and Vibration

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Hub direct-drive electric vehicles are driving with hub motors, which cause negative vibration directly on wheels and suspensions. To better analyze the problems of dynamic deterioration resulted by coupling excitations from random road and unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP), a cooperative hub direct drive-air suspension (HDD-AS) system is developed, and evaluation indices based on vertical and longitudinal dynamic coupling mechanism are proposed. The vertical and longitudinal characteristics in the time domain under different damping coefficients and motor speeds are demonstrated, and comparison between traditional electric wheel and suspension-integrating models and HDD-AS system model is conducted. Then, the responses of random road excitation and UMP are analyzed, and explanations of vertical and longitudinal characteristics in the frequency domain under different damping coefficients are given. These results provide important insights into the influence of coupling excitations and damping coefficient on the HDD-AS system model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by the experiment on the test bench.

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Methods and applications of energy saving control of in-wheel motor drive system in electric vehicles: A comprehensive review

Cited by 16 publications

References 84 publications

Coordinated control and torque distribution of differential steering and anti-skid driving of distributed drive electric vehicle considering stability

Coordinated control and torque distribution of differential steering and anti-skid driving of distributed drive electric vehicle considering stability

Diagnosis method based on hidden Markov model and Weibull mixture model for mechanical faults of in-wheel motors

Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of the Hub Direct Drive‐Air Suspension System from Vertical and Longitudinal Directions

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