Metabolomic comparison between wild Ophiocordyceps sinensis and artificial cultured Cordyceps militaris

Abstract

A systematic study on the metabolome differences between wild Ophiocordyceps sinensis and artificial cultured Cordyceps militaris was conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis and orthogonal projection on latent structure-discriminant analysis results showed that C. militaris grown on solid rice medium (R-CM) and C. militaris grown on tussah pupa (T-CM) evidently separated and individually separated from wild O. sinensis, indicating metabolome difference among wild O. sinensis, R-CM and T-CM. The metabolome differences between R-CM and T-CM indicated that C. militaris could accommodate to culture medium by differential metabolic regulation. Hierarchical clustering analysis was further performed to cluster the differential metabolites and samples based on their metabolic similarity. The higher content of amino acids (pyroglutamic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, phenylalanine and arginine), unsaturated fatty acid (linolenic acid and linoleic acid), peptides, mannitol, adenosine and succinoadenosine in O. sinensis make it as an excellent choice as a traditional Chinese medicine for invigoration or nutritional supplementation. Similar compositions with O. sinensis and easy cultivation make artificially cultured C. militaris a possible alternative to O. sinensis.

Enhanced production of cordycepin in Ophiocordyceps sinensis using growth supplements under submerged conditions

“…For instance, O sinensis improves the overall intestinal health by decreasing the pH of gut environment and enhancing the growth of beneficial genera including Phascolarctobacterium and Bifidobacterium , as compared to C. militaris [ 21 ]. Intriguingly, Chen et al [ 22 ] reported a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids, peptides and mannitol in natural O. sinensis as compared with cultured C. militaris suggesting O. sinensis to be a better nutritional supplement thereby rationalizing the use of O. sinensis in the present study [ 22 ]. However, to confirm whether C. militaris can replace O. sinensis completely needs further investigation.…”

Rapid Characterization of Chemical Components in Edible Mushroom Sparassis crispa by UPLC-Orbitrap MS Analysis and Potential Inhibitory Effects on Allergic Rhinitis

“…Fragment ion m / z 99.0445 [M – 144 + H] + was derived from the cyclization of the detached side C-chain. In a similar way, the other 33 alkaloids were identified according to their molecular mass, formula, MS/MS fragments, and related literatures, including arginine (peak 1) [29], ethyl- l -glutaminyl- l -threonine (peak 4) [30], 5′-deoxy-5′-methylthioadenosine (peak 12) [6], leucylproline (peak 13) [31], 2-aminooctanedioic acid (peak 16) [32], 2-amino-1,3-dodecanediol (peak 36) [33], stellarin C (peak 37) [34], 2-amino-1,3,4-tetradecanetriol (peak 39) [35], tuberostemonine (peak 40) [36], salternamide d (peak 41) [37], 3-(acetyloxy)-17-(benzoyloxy)-7-[ O -(phenylmethyl)oxime] androst-5-en-7-one (peak 45) [38], antrodin d (peak 50) [39], 1-(18-benzamido-3β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17β-yl)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-one (peak 52) [40], 3-cyclohexene-1-butyraldehyde-3-hydroxy-α-isopropyl-1-methyl-2-oxo-disemicarbazone (peak 54) [41], antrodin C (peak 59) [39], 2-amino-1,3,4-trihydroxyoctadecane (peak 66) [42], 2-amino-1,3-hexadecanediol (peak 77) [43], stachybotrin G (peak 78) [44], 2-methyl-6-(11-oxododecyl)piperidin-3-yl acetate (peak 82) [30], 2-methyl-6-(13-oxotetradecyl)piperidin-3-yl acetate (peak 86) [30], oleoylethanolamide (peak 87) [45], hurghamide D (peak 88) [46], 2-amino-1,3,4-octadecanetriol (peak 91) [47], oleamide (peak 94) [48], hexadecanamide (peak 97) [49], veracintine (peak 99), 2-nonadecananone- O -methyloxime (peak 101) [50], 4-azacholest-5-en-3-one (peak 102) [51], N-(2-phenylethyl)hexadecanamide (peak 103) [52], stearamide (peak 104) [53], thraustochytroside A (peak 105) [54], rhizoleucinoside (peak 106) [55], and erucamide (peak 107) [56]. Among these alkaloids, except 5′-deoxy-5′-methylthioadenosine, antrodin D, and antrodin C, all other 31 compounds were identified from the genus of Sparassis for the first time.…”

Transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal the regulatory networks and metabolite biosynthesis pathways during the development of Tolypocladium guangdongense

“…Because of its medicinal and nutritional values, O. sinensis has historically been regarded as the most valued traditional Chinese medicinal fungus. Recently, numerous transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic data have revealed fruiting body and sexual development-related genes [24] , the protein uniformity between wild and artificial fruiting bodies [25] and metabolite differences between O. sinensis and C. militaris [43] . Compared to O. sinensis , T. guangdongense contains similar metabolites and can be easily artificially cultivated [5] .…”